世界媒體看中國：江澤民“被失蹤”後之 - 謠言·學術·文學·政治 ， 描述： 2011-7-9 跟進更新 【由第十八樓開始 (18# )】

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2011年 7月 06日
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世界媒體看中國：江澤民“被失蹤”9 z- D/ I4 i% h4 i' y5 x* C' T# P

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9 W4 n$ b" z+ ]- [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。記者: 齊之豐 | 華盛頓
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' _/ `5 ?0 l* [3 H- P1 t在當今中國，“被失蹤”已經變成了一個常用詞。人權活動家、人權律師、異議人士常常遭遇“被失蹤”的命運。所謂的“被失蹤”就是被當局秘密抓捕，人間蒸發，家屬得不到被抓捕的人的任何資訊。
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+ l9 _: s" A# l3 x* D) Y5.39.217.76如今，中國執政黨退休的首腦、前國家主席江澤民也遇到了一種“被失蹤”的麻煩。過去兩天來，江澤民遭遇“被失蹤”成為國際媒體津津樂道的話題。
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& O# `9 x# k# V% A4 {9 D, s7 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇. T2 z* j% I: y7 ~0 {* w% k$ o

, M3 \+ n( H0 w- P. n1 ~& q公仔箱論壇AP中國執政黨退休的首腦、前國家主席江澤民
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- A$ T8 n/ ?* @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb事情的來龍是，江澤民在中共創立90年最重要的紀念活動中沒有露面，中國民間於是開始猜測。中國網際網路上於是開始流傳江澤民已經死去的傳聞。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  b1 C2 l/ S7 D

5 r8 }+ y9 ]' `! ]) U5.39.217.76對網際網路上出現的它所不願意看到的資訊，中國當局處理手法是始終一貫的，這就是不加解釋地刪除。但是，因為是牽涉江澤民這個不同尋常的人物，事情就變得格外有趣起來。5.39.217.76* ^4 m5 R' n0 ~  J

% p2 ]3 j+ I8 T美國《時代》雜誌7月6日網路版發表記者漢娜.比奇的報導，題目是“中國前領導人江澤民死了嗎？中國的網際網路資訊審查機構不讓人猜測。” 報導説：“他到底是死沒死呀？在7月5日夜間大約11點，中國的網際網路開始流傳前國家主席江澤民已死的傳聞。到了午夜時分，這成為中國的網際網路非常熱門的搜索話題。但是，在半個小時之內，中國網際網路資訊審查機構使出了重手。人們用中文搜索跟死有關的話題，即使是不搭配江澤民的名字，也會得到奧威爾（所描寫的資訊全面控制的集權專制國家）式的資訊：‘根據相關的政策和法律，搜索結果未予顯示。’”5.39.217.760 p8 l7 W: ]8 w, a2 j) @& A5 Q
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# C& O, ^, ?, N8 W8 E9 U# m
寫到這裡，世界媒體的記者明顯地活躍、振奮起來，報導語言也格外繪聲繪色起來了。
! P) B& a0 f! q5 y# N0 h# l6 c5.39.217.76美國《大西洋月刊》雜誌資深外交事務記者詹姆斯.法洛斯美國東部時間上午10點發出報導，題目是“江澤民死了嗎？中國在實時演示新聞封鎖控制。” 報導説：“在過去的24個多小時裏，任何一個追蹤社交媒體有關中國消息的人都看到了有關前國家主席江澤民可能已死的謠傳，然後是官方的否認，然後是沉默......
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/ C9 F/ E2 l+ b1 W  n$ @6 E2 f% j7 n: l“眼下令人興奮激動的事情是，網民們對江澤民情況進行著當局所不許可的討論，他們以極快的速度往來討論，而官方的聲明卻遲緩笨拙，曖昧不明。”
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' O. K. T# K7 B* ^* {公仔箱論壇中國的網路資訊審查封鎖，在中國幾億網民那裏是家常便飯，是他們每日每時都必須面對的現實生活。但江澤民去世謠傳的傳播，以及中國當局隨後的網路刪貼，大大方便了外界記者的工作，使他們原本可能是沉重乏味的報導一下子增添了豐富的戲劇性。4 K% ?  ~5 O5 m% }8 ]; a
《華爾街日報》的"中國實時報"記者Josh Chin在7月6日中國時間晚上發出報導，題目是“江澤民死亡的謠傳出現，中國的江河失蹤。” 報導説：“今年夏天，中國出現大洪水。最長的河流長江洪水尤甚，導致幾十人死亡，毀壞了成千上萬畝的農田。但對中國一個最有人氣的社交媒體網站的用戶來説，長江已經消失了。
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“星期三，在新浪網的微網志那裏搜索‘長江’，人們得不到搜索結果。搜索其他的江，會得到該網站標準的資訊封鎖通知：‘根據相關法律法規和政策，搜索結果未予顯示。’”
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% k6 z! \2 c6 ~3 w+ q2 ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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新浪網頁截圖在新浪微網志搜索“江”的結果3 [+ E/ d) h$ w4 q% f  m% E; U

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/ N2 I# @; _  Z“江河為什麼突然遭白眼了呢？最可能的解釋是，自星期二以來，網路間流傳大量的謠傳，説是前國家主席江澤民病重，或者已經死去。江澤民姓‘江，’（由此連帶江河遭殃）。”
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; s* P3 o4 z+ A5.39.217.76加拿大多倫多《環球郵報》7月6日發表駐北京記者馬克·麥金農的報導，題目是“不管是死是活，中國禁止發表有關江澤民的議論。”報導説，“中國的網際網路用戶已經習慣於自己的言詞被禁止發表。那些有政治興趣的人早就見慣不怪‘西藏獨立’或‘天安門廣場屠殺’之類的字眼上網就消失。”公仔箱論壇: M' y: N9 }. |% ^; P1 O6 b" [! l% t
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“但是，一個很尋常的字眼星期三加入了敏感詞的單子。這個詞是‘江。’”
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" S4 F5 u6 q' lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。“突然之間，凡是帶有‘長江’字眼的有關長江一帶洪水的帖子得到跟提及諾貝爾和平獎獲得者劉曉波的帖子一樣的對待。這樣的帖子上網就消失。其他提到別的江的帖子也是一樣。在微網志搜索那些江，會得到司空見慣的回應：‘根據相關政策和法律，搜索結果未予顯示。’”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. Q3 P/ l8 ~* l( F& @

8 V, X, r# e2 I& Y公仔箱論壇“其他消失的字眼是‘心臟病突發’和‘總書記，’以及‘301醫院。’有人説，江澤民已經在那所設在北京的中國人民解放軍醫院去世。”
# }- z! f2 P' T2 ^% S6 T  _美國之音在中國時間7月6日半夜時分獲得的最新消息是，新浪微網志搜索功能以及轉發功能出現罕見的失靈，不能進行任何搜索或資訊轉發。新浪微網志發出公告説：“由於系統維護，微群內的轉發功能和搜索功能暫時關閉，對給您帶來的不便深表抱歉。”* |. L  a) N/ f  Y! V) ]

# D. f8 R! ~* W4 J& [" ?外界以及中國網民現在不清楚這是新浪正常系統維護的一部分，還是中國當局封鎖資訊行動的一部分。
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# G. H$ m3 j9 R% s2 a2 btvb now,tvbnow,bttvb官方資訊的稀缺和不透明，也使先前的舊消息獲得了新的意義。日本主要報紙《每日新聞》在日本時間7月7日淩晨0點，也就是北京時間6日夜間11點發出駐北京記者工藤哲的報導説：“在中共創立90年慶祝大會之後，江澤民病重的説法通過微網志、推特等開始悄悄流傳開來。在7月5日中國外交部舉行的例行記者會上，有人提出了相關問題。新聞司副司長洪磊聽到這樣的問題，顯得有些吃驚，並予以否定，説‘我沒有聽到這種消息。’新華通訊社等國營媒體從6日到現在也沒有有關江澤民健康狀況的資訊報導。” 公仔箱論壇; P8 t% ]. X, ^( H- |+ y; U" o

7 n" Q* v# P, p' R3 H, _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。江澤民在中共成立90年紀念活動中沒有露面，成為他病重或死去的謠傳的來龍。現在，中國的網民和國際媒體在繼續追蹤其去脈。( g" V3 Q5 r5 |2 B' l
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來源 / 版權所有：  以上所述媒体 / 美國之音
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" _* c8 e' a* F# F2 S9 ~; E0 C$ F+ vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb註：上文引述相關媒體，摘文轉貼樓下

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Is China's Ex-Leader Jiang Zemin Dead? # F# i' q& Q* D! |

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Posted by Hannah Beech Wednesday, July 6, 2011 at 12:29 am

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Frederic J. Brown / AFP / Getty Images

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Is he or isn't he? Around 11 pm on July 5, China's blogosphere began trading in rumors that Jiang Zemin, the former leader of the People's Republic, had died. By midnight local searches on this topic had become very popular. But within half an hour, the heavy hand of China's censors descended. Chinese language searches for words relating to death, even without being paired with Jiang's name, returned the Orwellian message: “According to relevant policies and laws, the search results are not shown below.”

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So is Jiang dead? Gossip about the 84-year-old's ill health has circulated for some time, and the fact that he didn't show up for the mega-celebrations of the Chinese Communist Party's 90th anniversary on July 1st further fueled speculation. (In 2009, Jiang joined the festivities marking the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic.)公仔箱論壇& F# \0 F( L& O; @) J

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With his owlish glasses and penchant for droll attire abroad—a tricorn hat at Williamsburg was just one of his fashion blunders—Jiang was easy to dismiss as a clownish imitation of his powerful forebears, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. He underwhelmed with his abstruse Three Represents ideology, which even after a nationwide propaganda campaign still left many Chinese confused as to what it actually meant. But during the 1990s, Jiang managed to hold together the Party and brooked no dissent, whether from religious groups like Falun Gong or liberals within China's leadership ranks. He oversaw the further modernization of China at a time when some naysayers were predicting the country's economic collapse. And he boasted an impressive memory that encompassed an ability to recite the Gettysburg Address and speak basic Romanian.

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Perhaps most significantly in an autocratic nation, Jiang knew when to let go. At the end of his terms as President, Communist Party General Secretary and Central Military Commission chief, Jiang handed over the reins to Hu Jintao, avoiding the public tussles that had plagued previous leadership transitions in China. Even as his possible passing creates an Internet furor, Jiang will still be remembered as a man who knew how to make a graceful exit.

TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( ~# W0 x! c7 h# M0 G

TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' m* H  X: h; z( Z9 V
PHOTOS: China celebrates 90 years of communism5.39.217.76" Z: P) P% r0 g

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Is Jiang Zemin Dead? Real-time Illustration of News Control in China
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  i9 }4 J& x- d5 W9 m6 K" h8 YBy James Fallows tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, ?3 C$ T. i1 z/ }4 X' w

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Jul 6 2011, 9:57 AM ET
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For the past 24+ hours, anyone following various social-media feeds* about China has seen rumors, then official denials, then silence, about the possible demise of former president Jiang Zemin, shown in his prime at right. Jiang would turn 85 next month. 公仔箱論壇& ~" g+ Y6 \- i; |9 v0 b, J4 L; K7 u
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For another time, an assessment of what Jiang has meant, the differences between him and the current regime (and the regime about to take control), his family's role in China, and all of that. The fascinating part at the moment is the gap between the speed and back-and-forth of the unauthorized discussion of his condition, and the ponderousness and opaque nature of official statements. An item two hours ago in the WSJ's China Realtime Report illustrates the extreme heavy-handedness of the news control. For instance: Jiang's name in Chinese is 江泽民, with the first character, 江, being his family name. That character, jiang,
- L6 d, q8 o$ E公仔箱論壇literally means "river" -- and in the past few hours, any search for info about China's big rivers on Sina Weibo (China's Twitter counterpart, the real Twitter being blocked in China) comes up empty. As Josh Chin of the WSJ says:
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! D( k) ]% l  X) P>>In addition to "river," the company has also blocked searches for "death" in various iterations as well as "301 Hospital," a reference to the People's Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing where top leaders are often treated.
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Beyond blocking searches, the service's human censors have also been busy hand- deleting posts that mention the former leader.
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$ ~0 ]$ w! t. LChinese microbloggers have employed a variety of tricks in an apparent attempt to get around the blocks. With Weibo censors blocking searches the word for "hung" (挂了), a common Chinese euphemism for death, users have been circulating an image showing an empty set of clothing hanging out to dry, pants hiked up to chest level the way Mr. Jiang preferred.<<9 U  z- _( e0 y$ u- b% \

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I wish Jiang and his family well. He has been out of power for nearly a decade. The government's difficulty in handling even the most basic info about his health is one more illustration of the unevenness of its emergence as a full-fledged world power. It will be interesting to see what the government finally says about him, when it does.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 ~2 Z. W* l9 f: Z8 ^
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UPDATE: This email from Michael Standaert in southern China:
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>>More from the rumor mill, via an odd route: Just heard from a young acquaintance here in Shenzhen over QQ that Internet game operators he knows have been given notice not to allow any Internet gaming tomorrow, so he was speculating that an official announcement about Jiang Zemin will come tomorrow.<<公仔箱論壇3 _* h1 m. T. D! l0 ~, I) n

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+ x/ W' ?  p; e. G" ?2 m6 X) DThe main point, again, is the government's incredible awkwardness in handling health news about an 84-year-old man who has been out of power for a decade.
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& K* L: c' L6 Y5 s9 x* M公仔箱論壇Update-update. Courtesy of Adam Minter, this headline just now from the (anti-government) Epoch Times:
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! A4 B) R9 y' d  L. z2 K0 Y9 lJuly 6, 2011, 7:50 PM HKT
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" Y% e  x9 s3 C& x. Y8 P公仔箱論壇Following Jiang Death Rumors, China’s Rivers Go Missing5.39.217.768 P& T: }+ X3 }5 k- W) ~; g

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Agence France-Presse/Getty ImagesMao Zedong once swam in the mighty Yangtze, but former Chinese president Jiang Zemin has made it disappear.
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ReutersChinese President Hu Jintao (R), former President Jiang Zemin (C) and National People’s Congress Chairman Wu Bangguo attend a banquet marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing September 30, 2009.

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More In Jiang Zemin

• A Notable No-Show at Communist Party's 90th Birthday
• Jiang Zemin Slept Here

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Google+A screenshot from Google+ shows an image of an empty suit of clothes posted online, apparently in reaction to rumors that former Chinese president Jiang Zemin has died.

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China’s longest river, the Yangtze, has been at the heart of historic floods this summer that have killed dozens of people and laid waste to hundreds of thousands of acres of farmland. But to users of one of China’s most popular social media sites, it no longer exists.
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; _& I: j" E& R* c5 D1 G公仔箱論壇Searches for the Yangtze’s Chinese name – Chang Jiang (长江)—on Sina.com’s Weibo microblogging platform came up empty on Wednesday, as did searches for a number of other Chinese rivers, yielding instead the service’s standard censorship notice: “According to the relevant laws, regulations and policies, the results of this search cannot be displayed.”
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+ k( M7 d  `9 X# F; C8 AWhy the sudden aversion to flowing bodies of water? The likeliest explanation is a torrent of rumors circulating online since Tuesday that former president Jiang Zemin is either gravely ill or has already died. Mr. Jiang’s surname means “river.”
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) x! ^* f0 t5 [5.39.217.76The Chinese rumor mill has wrongly predicted Mr. Jiang’s death before. But the latest round of speculation comes just days after the 84-year-old former leader conspicuously failed to show up at celebrations marking the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. He would be the longest-serving and in many ways most significant Chinese leader to have died since Deng Xiaoping in February 1997.
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Regardless of whether the rumors are true, Sina is taking no chances. 公仔箱論壇. N/ J& [, [# H/ e
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* Z2 l( `; d% y( R公仔箱論壇In addition to “river,” the company has also blocked searches for “death” in various iterations as well as “301 Hospital,” a reference to the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing where top leaders are often treated.
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8 |3 B+ z% }! L0 L  h0 zBeyond blocking searches, the service’s human censors have also been busy hand-deleting posts that mention the former leader.
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Chinese microbloggers have employed a variety of tricks in an apparent attempt to get around the blocks. With Weibo censors blocking searches the word for “hung” (挂了), a common Chinese euphemism for death, users have been circulating an image showing an empty set of clothing hanging out to dry, pants hiked up to chest level the way Mr. Jiang preferred.
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It’s not the first time China’s censors have gone to great lengths to prevent Internet users searching out information on the country’s top leaders. At various times, Chinese language searches for “carrot” on Google have been blocked, apparently because one of the three characters in the word matches the surname of current Chinese president Hu Jintao.
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There are some inconsistencies in Sina’s apparent effort to quash the speculation surrounding Mr. Jiang. While “myocardial infarction” is blocked, “heart attack” mysteriously is not. Searches for “301 Hospital” that use Chinese characters for the numbers instead of Arabic numerals likewise produce results. & p4 D* C8 S% _% j3 U6 l1 q
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As always, it remains unclear whether the censorship effort has managed to calm speculation about Mr. Jiang’s death or encouraged it further. Jiang-related rumors and commentary remained rife Wednesday night on Twitter, which is blocked in China but can be accessed by means of firewall circumvention software. And while Sina’s content police have gotten wise to the image of the empty suit of clothing, it remains available on Google+.
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5 r5 ]  i- Y! J/ K0 g2 X- w5.39.217.76– Josh Chin. Follow him on Twitter @joshchin
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7 L6 @$ G% V& K; s# W0 ]* w公仔箱論壇Dead or alive, former Chinese leader Zemin subject of censorship in China 5.39.217.768 c8 M4 I; p0 `! ?  Y

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BEIJING— Globe and Mail Update Published Wednesday, Jul. 06, 2011 11:50AM EDTLast updated Wednesday, Jul. 06, 2011 3:51PM EDT 2 z0 j4 }4 I; Q, H; `

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Internet users in China are used to having their words censored. Those with a taste for politics have long ago gotten used to having posts with words like “Tibetan independence” or “Tiananmen Square massacre” go missing almost as soon as they appear online.

But Wednesday, an altogether more mundane term joined the list of sensitive words: “river.”公仔箱論壇3 F* f/ F6 Z& f" ~- R) \

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Suddenly, posts referring to the recent flooding along the Yangtze River that used the river’s Chinese name (“Chang Jiang”) were given the same treatment as mentions of Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo – the posts disappeared. Same for references to other rivers. Searches for any of them on Weibo – China’s popular Twitter-style microblogging service – drew the all-too-familiar response: “According to relevant policies and laws, the search results are not shown below.”
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  W$ ^) M- k9 G8 n( v5 }The likely reason? The Chinese character for “river” is also the family name of former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin.公仔箱論壇. `& \0 G5 E% N0 Y2 K* x
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Rumours started swirling Tuesday that the 84-year-old Mr. Jiang had passed away, and gained momentum Wednesday when a Hong Kong television station “confirmed” that Mr. Jiang had died from illness. Though no such news was reported in any of China’s official media, the country’s army of censors swiftly moved to eliminate any terms that Weibo users might use to search for, or comment on, the rumours.5.39.217.76. q  n6 c# P, O& p3 l; X1 N

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Other terms that went missing were “heart attack” and “general-secretary,” as well as “301 Hospital,” the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing where Mr. Jiang was said by some to have passed away. (Funerals for former Chinese leaders have a habit of turning into protests against their successors – the Tiananmen protests grew out of mourning for the deceased reformer Hu Yaobang.)
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In addition to blocking searches, the censors were apparently hard at work deleting hundreds of individual postings that referred to Mr. Jiang’s rumoured passing. According to one posting on Weibo, which was seen by the Agence France-Presse news agency but later deleted, the national propaganda office also issued an edict banning news organizations from reporting on the health of Mr. Jiang.5.39.217.761 L1 w: C+ j1 T

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“About the news that Jiang Zemin has passed away, news organizations can’t do reports on their own, all news reports should be in accordance with news releases from Xinhua (state news agency),” the posting said, according to AFP.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- K, a. y+ b  A# J: r: e

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The rumours about the former leader’s death began immediately after he was mysteriously and very noticeably absent from a July 1 celebration marking the 90th anniversary of the founding of the ruling Communist Party. All other past and present senior party figures were in attendance./ b' A+ g: o% P) h0 \# d

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7 _$ [: e5 {) X公仔箱論壇Mr. Jiang was last seen in public during the October 2009 celebrations to mark the 60 years of Communist rule in China. He stood alongside his successor, Hu Jintao, as they reviewed a parade of troops, tanks and missiles that rolled through central Beijing.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 S7 R' v; D9 |" f/ t- }% n. Y. o

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The owlish Mr. Jiang shot from his post as Shanghai party boss to become general-secretary of the Communist Party in June 1989 – in the immediate aftermath of the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy protests on Tiananmen Square – after his predecessor, Zhao Ziyang was dismissed from the general-secretary’s post for being too sympathetic to the student demonstrators. Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping is said to have been impressed by how Mr. Jiang had handled similar demonstrations in Shanghai, and brought his new protégé to the national stage.
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2 Z; N2 A; O8 S' `At first seen as an interim figure, Mr. Jiang lasted 13 years in the top post, and has continued to wield wide influence even after his retirement in 2002 via his allies in the Politburo.公仔箱論壇6 i4 O5 X1 _6 R; P& k- f

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While his theory of “The Three Represents” – his attempt to create an ideological legacy akin to Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory – has been widely scorned as meaningless (other than, perhaps, making room for capitalists in the party rank-and-file), Mr. Jiang’s main contribution was perhaps the smooth transition he orchestrated to Mr. Hu. It was the first peaceful transfer of power in modern Chinese history, and set the precedent that Mr. Hu is expected to follow when he is due to retire next year.公仔箱論壇' K8 ]( ]+ l  U

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: {9 V  p) G( F( h, nMr. Jiang set the country on a growth-at-all costs model during the 1990s, a period which saw unbridled economic development come hand-in-hand with widespread environmental destruction and growing social inequality. He also tolerated no dissent, famously launching a harsh crackdown on the Falun Gong movement – which saw thousands of practitioners arrested and sent to reeducation-through-labour camps around the country – after determining they were a threat to Communist Party rule.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 W& C3 t& z0 \% d# I) k
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9 s; c! z  z; b5 C. V; I, Q, r- J公仔箱論壇For those waiting for Xinhua to say whether Mr. Jiang is dead or alive, there was little to chew on: hours after the rumours began to circulate, the top story on Xinhua’s English-language remained a photo gallery of Hollywood’s highest-paid actresses.
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 S5 [$ f' J! h+ r* m5 B3 b! y( L
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來源 / 版權所有：  以上所述媒体
7 L: W; `& i$ S- U公仔箱論壇(以上内容摘自或摘译自 其它媒体，不代表發帖者观点)
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7 {6 E# m. ]8 \* r8 c& j公仔箱論壇

aa00

日本主要報紙《每日新聞》5.39.217.76# U! t- n4 h, y* P

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1 v+ c2 F, k4 P) ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& T. I8 y: A. i& M+ l
中国：江沢民前国家主席に重病説　共産党大会出席せず
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+ v% \5 x- q* Q" W' }3 KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2011年7月6日 20時2分　更新：7月7日 0時50分
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! r! P. a4 k. T. iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
/ b8 p- r% \. J/ B3 t, iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 江沢民・前中国国家主席
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【北京・工藤哲】北京で今月１日に開かれた中国共産党創建９０周年の祝賀大会に出席しなかった江沢民（こうたくみん）前中国国家主席（８４）について、重病説が持ち上がっている。北京の外交関係者は「健康なら大会に姿を見せるはずだ。よほどの事情があったのではないか」と指摘し、情報収集を急いでいる。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. y$ G) t# A: P" Y* b+ U
　江氏の重病説は祝賀大会後、ミニブログ「ツイッター」などでささやかれ始めた。中国外務省の５日の定例会見でも関連の質問が出たが、洪磊（こうらい）副報道局長は驚いた様子で「そうした情報は聞いていない」と否定した。新華社通信など国営メディアも６日現在、江氏の健康状態に関する情報は伝えていない。
1 @+ M, X  m& g. |6 {2 C7 a公仔箱論壇　重病説をめぐり、米国に本拠を置く中国語ニュースサイト「多維新聞網」は同日の段階で「家族や高官に異変はない」と報じる一方、香港のテレビ局ＡＴＶや韓国ＫＢＳテレビが６日午後、「死亡した」と伝えた。ただ、いずれも詳細には触れておらず、ＡＴＶは「公的には確認されていない」と指摘、情報は錯綜（さくそう）している。公仔箱論壇$ h8 f6 D' i+ a' V$ g
　一方、江氏が入院したとの情報がある北京市内の人民解放軍系病院では６日、警備関係者の姿が目立ち、張り詰めた雰囲気に包まれていた。5.39.217.76' J+ K( _1 x% {' [; p: z* j
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9 _: _8 N2 M( n3 |. y+ L% C2 @5.39.217.76(以上内容摘自或摘译自 其它媒体，不代表發帖者观点)

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江泽民健康何以惹人关注？
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" |1 x6 [8 P7 U6 H- E. F; H Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift: 江泽民2007年10月15日出席中共17大tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- j* |7 S( B# Y9 K8 t

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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 r/ t/ @1 ^& J3 n! }0 f& V0 T7 m

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' ^1 y- y0 `) a7 U+ B5.39.217.76最近两日，有关中国前领导人江泽民健康状况的消息引起了海外华文媒体的关注，甚至就连韩国、日本等一些国际媒体也纷纷猜测。
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虽然真相至今不得而知，但一个离任已近十年的前领导人的健康状况至今还如此为人关心，而中国官方至今也不公布任何消息，至少从某一个角度折射了中国政治的不稳定性和不正常性。
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/ y9 ^) z/ x; l' {# z2 {- a5 ^5 r5.39.217.76中国官方为何讳莫如深？
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几天前中共庆祝建党九十周年时，许多前领导人都出席了纪念活动，唯独江泽民缺席。最近几天一些博客和海外网站一度传言他在北京的301医院已病危甚至逝世。今年五月有媒体报道，江泽民在4月份曾大病一场，但已痊愈，正在调养中。但据总部设在美国的多维新闻社引用接近高层人士的消息称，江泽民的健康基本比较稳定。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 @5 {, K! I, w

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9 t7 Y3 Z6 _; `# o2 _) [在中国政治历史上，领导人的健康状况一直是人们观察中国政治的重要指标。近到十几年前的邓小平，远到三十多年前的毛泽东，其健康状况始终是海外媒体津津乐道的对象。其实，这本身并非中国的专利，几乎所有的共产党体制的国家都有过这样的经验，前苏联也是如此。因此，记得以前曾有西方学者据此写过一本书，在前言中这样写道（大意）：如果一个飞机的飞行员起飞时身体患有严重疾病，那么客机上乘客大抵都不会同意他担任此次飞行的任务；推而广之，对一个国家的领导人，也是如此。但是，由于共产党国家的人民没有了解自己领导人健康状况的权利，因此就会引发更多猜测。
$ ]$ k0 h0 Z% B, j, {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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! P  r/ ^( K' I3 h% q0 R' Y" w" RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。无论是前苏联还是中国的毛泽东、邓小平，在当时都是对中国政治和命运握有重要影响力的人物；在政治和媒体均不透明的情况下，海外媒体对此报道得津津乐道，恰好折射了中国人民命运的无奈。但今天海外媒体津津乐道报道的江泽民，却是 - 如前所述 - 一个离任已近十年的前领导人。无论是海外媒体报道得津津乐道，还是中国官方对此的讳莫如深，似乎都在间接印证一个道理：江泽民虽然离任将近十年，但对中国政治仍继续拥有影响力；不然人们就无法解释中国官方对此的讳莫如深。
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江泽民还有多少影响力？TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& e) Y& H- b% p0 v. B
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江泽民对今天和未来的中国到底还有多少影响力？这确实是一个值得观察和研究的问题。九年前江泽民卸任时，其继任胡锦涛曾被人称为中国的"儿皇帝"，因为在当时的中共中央政治局九个常委中，绝大部分是江泽民的亲信和人马。5.39.217.763 a* G2 `9 E3 X

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但九年过去了，胡锦涛的第二任期也已接近尾声，江泽民对胡锦涛的影响力在相当程度上已有所下降。胡锦涛零五年开始连续调整对台和对日政策，近年又提出"科学发展观"，都从一个侧面折射出胡锦涛在内政外交问题上不但体现出与江泽民不同的思路，而且有付诸实施的资源和能量。
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4 D: D7 a8 S; X* U不过，在人事问题上，江泽民似乎依然拥有相当的话事权。最典型的就是在习近平和李克强两人的职务安排问题上。众所周知，按照胡锦涛的想法，李克强应该成为总书记的接班人，而且几年来一路都在往这个方向培养李克强。但前几年，正当所有人都认为李克强是胡锦涛既定接班人的时候，习近平犹如"半路杀出的程咬金"，忽然成为总书记的接班人选。据海外媒体报道，其间江泽民运筹帷幄的作用不可低估。
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$ G+ M9 M8 }3 ~' B  A6 |. ^5.39.217.76转眼间，距离决定中国最高领导层移交的中共十八大还有一年多，正是各派力量角逐的关键时刻。在这个时刻，在人事问题上依然拥有话事权的江泽民的健康状况，自然是各方关心的焦点，而中国官方的讳莫如深也正由于此。
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9 A! T# x% i' ?2 X* @4 ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb中国权力过渡的微妙变化
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2 Q- V; {6 U9 f+ b( ^( j$ ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb但客观地看，今天人们对江泽民健康的关注，与十几年前对邓小平健康，乃至三十多年前对毛泽东健康的关注，已完全不可同日而语。当年对毛泽东和邓小平健康的关心，让人产生似乎毛泽东或邓小平一走，天就要塌陷的感觉；但今天在江泽民问题上却完全不存在这个问题。这从某种程度上，也折射了中国政治近些年发生的微妙转型和变化。
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, P( G" \: ^0 ^/ H$ e中共历史上的权力移交，无不伴随着高层激烈的路线斗争。最近二十多年来有三个变化值得关注：一是由邓小平开启的废除领导干部终身制，虽然邓小平本人自己最后也并没有完全做到这一点；二是在江泽民时代开启的权力平稳过渡；三是最高层任期基本确定为两任，而且进入政治局常委的年龄不能超过六十八岁。
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. n3 D4 ~- ?3 e( E上述三点里，值得注意的是第二和第三点。从江泽民过渡到胡锦涛，是中共历史上第一次最高权力平稳过渡，而其前奏则是1997年江泽民与乔石的权力斗争，以乔石自动退出，江乔两人之间达成某种协议或交易收场。虽然这样的权力过渡与现代民主模式相差甚远，但对中共而言，却已是令人关注的变化了。
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6 s, [# ]0 q- f$ g. a  r1 O5 c5.39.217.76如果将这一切称为中共的转型的一部分，那么对江泽民健康的关注，可能是这一转型的另一个侧面。只不过这个侧面"横看成岭侧成峰"，积极面和消极面互相参半而已。
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& R* W. e2 \$ i- {" R公仔箱論壇作者：李崇光（ 香港的中国问题评论员）
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來源 / 版權所有：  德国之声" i4 ?1 p& s8 X7 {
(以上内容摘自或摘译自 德国之声，不代表發帖者观点)

felicity2010

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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 T- o' _* s* o/ T
China Appears to Censor Any Online Discussion of an Ex-Leader’s Health
! P3 s- |9 C3 Y: d. @! f8 ?* e公仔箱論壇Andrew Jacobs New York Times   7 Jul 2011
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. k. k! s1 M: e! j8 o+ H! A
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What do Jiangsu Province, the minor pop idol Jiang Yirong and Huadong Hospital in Shanghai have in common? Over the past day, these and scores of other words and expressions have been blocked on much of the Chinese Internet, a result of the government’s unrelenting attempt to quash widespread rumors that the former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin is dead or dying.
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' o7 }2 p* a) X" }2 i) f$ xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Not surprisingly, the stepped-up effort to silence speculation about the well being of Mr. Jiang, 84, who officially retired as party chief in 2002 and as president in 2003, has generated even more rumors since last Friday after he failed to attend the 90th anniversary gala commemorating the birth of the Chinese Communist Party.4 f5 w& [+ C; v. Y( w: ]) J+ K
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On Thursday morning, the official Xinhua News Agency issued an English-language response to the reports that Mr. Jiang had died, saying they were “pure rumor” and quoting what it said were“authoritative sources.” Later in the day, during a regularly scheduled news conference, a Foreign Ministry spokesman declined to answer any questions about Mr. Jiang’s health, referring journalists to the Xinhua statement. That exchange, however, was curiously omitted from a transcript of the news conference posted on the ministry’s website.
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7 {+ Y, I: k6 C& w; ^公仔箱論壇While China’s ruling party has not in recent years suppressed news about the death of an important leader, officials rarely, if ever, discuss the health of current or former leaders, and they ban news coverage of those subjects.
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8 j- }2 X& ]1 |- w. F“I don’t want to believe rumors, but what am I supposed to do when rumors always turn out to be true in this country?” said a posting on Sina Weibo, the popular microblogging site that on Wednesday seemed to be suffering an especially zealous rash of censorship.5.39.217.76% [  p5 D& F2 h9 J; J
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In many instances, the offending words contain the character “Jiang,” the former leader’s surname, which also means “river” in Chinese. Huadong, also unsearchable, is the top-notch hospital where Mr. Jiang,the once jaunty Communist Party general secretary, may or may not have been treated for a heart attack, a stroke or infected mosquito bites — all ailments alternately blamed for his disappearance from public view.% Z, X: A) L3 F6 x+ T

2 k% V# R& P- n8 Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbSpeculative online accounts have repeated as fact the rumor that the respirator supposedly keeping Mr. Jiang alive would be unplugged on July 8. The number eight is considered lucky among the Chinese because it rhymes with another character meaning prosperity. (While the accounts are likely to be false, some historical accounts say an ailing Mao Zedong was taken off life support on Sept. 9, 1976, because the ninth day of the ninth month would be an easy date for the masses to remember.)
- ]% Q7 w0 h  L2 n( K公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 o" K0 U- w+ J2 M: @
Mr. Jiang last appeared on state television in2009, when he joined other senior leaders reviewing a military spectacle marking the 60th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China.* y& S% _7 V$ J7 P
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Talk about Mr. Jiang’s impending demise has ricocheted across the Internet and then faded numerous times over the years.But his failure to show up at the 90th anniversary celebration, a required event for retired party elders as well as current leaders, raises the likelihood that he is in fact ailing.
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7 O) E2 v8 o, @1 T) CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。A Hong Kong television station went so far as to broadcast news of Mr. Jiang’s death before retracting the report. And overseas Chinese Web sites that specialize in political gossip have been claiming that Mr. Jiang died Tuesday night or that a large number of police officers were spotted outside the Beijing hospital that caters to senior leaders. (Not surprisingly, that institution, the 301 Military Hospital, can no longer be searched on the Internet.)
& z7 w8 S% Z( h- ?. j1 }: PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.76* Y- q3 X+ @4 l5 M
Sam Crane, a China expert at Williams College, suggested that the government censorship machine was counterproductive. “It’s making them look very foolish,” he said. “The state is trying to control information so they can control the narrative, but in the Internet era that’s harder and harder to do.”5.39.217.76- a0 C" ^- d+ i  f( @  f" @4 t, b
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The narrative about Communist Party leaders has always been a fraught business, with the passing of top leaders sometimes proving politically disruptive. In 1976, after the death of the beloved Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, party leaders tried to suppress public mourning. In the end, as many as two million people defied the authorities by gathering in Tiananmen Square, where they criticized the Gang of Four, Mao and the excesses of his Cultural Revolution.
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A decade later, the unexpected death of General Secretary Hu Yaobang led to an outpouring of public grief in Tiananmen Square that morphed into a mass protest against the party. That episode, which ended in a hail of gunfire on June 4, 1989, shook the party to its core., O0 ]: g4 [1 P+ ?- S  F

% M4 r/ |- W# v! M* ]; I  f- ?The death of Mr. Jiang, whose tenure is not especially savored by Chinese liberals, would not be likely to draw such an emotional public response. But the Communist Party does not like to leave anything to chance.5.39.217.763 K1 y7 c( ?, w. X1 @
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Roderick MacFarquhar, a China specialist at Harvard University, said that even if the rumor about Mr. Jiang’s failing health proved true, the party had never hidden public disclosure about the death of a senior leader. Any delay, even if brief, might be aimed at allowing the members of the Politburo Standing Committee to prepare his obituary and public eulogy, which would presumably be delivered by President Hu Jintao, who succeeded him as party chief.5.39.217.76' L  Q0 d+ @8 ?+ C' [) y+ M% n0 J
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“They need time to prepare, not so much for the funeral, but for the description of the man and his place in Chinese Communist Party history,” Mr. MacFarquhar said.
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  A! A* |. J3 n6 }5.39.217.76In the meantime, the government’s handling of the matter seems to be prompting a torrent of ridicule on the Internet, especially on Twitter and other overseas sites that are beyond the control of Beijing’s censors. On Wednesday, people began circulating photographs of Mr. Jiang shaking hands with the former leader Deng Xiaoping (“they meet again”) and a cartoon of a pair of trousers hanging on a clothesline that is meant to be a reference to a Chinese euphemism for death.
* h) n. L4 r3 Y+ F: i! PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( S6 |5 n& p& v8 `9 {2 r! d: u

! V% G9 x7 `/ Q/ g; O. Z公仔箱論壇Mia Li and Adam Century contributed research.

felicity2010

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* \6 ?# j; A8 n8 d1 }% [& U& G5.39.217.76Jiang Zemin death rumours spark online crackdown in ChinaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 B& B6 J' a& U# J5 h7 ?$ Q
Tania Branigan and Associated Press   7 Jul 20114 X+ F3 D: H% b) ^8 e
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& y% }- _5 j# z# ]( z% o5.39.217.76All internet searches for former leader – whose name means river – blocked, but savvy users find ways to get around it
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2 O4 w2 o& Z- K3 h$ r- T4 ~5 IEven for China's rigorous internet censors, it has proved an unusually busy day. References to rivers and laundry are among the apparently innocuous items vanishing from postings and search results amid rumours that Jiang Zemin, who led the country before president Hu Jintao took over in 2002, is dead or seriously ill.
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) ~$ `8 A, P% @* [公仔箱論壇Similar tales have circulated several times in the past. This time they seem to have been prompted by the 84-year-old's absence from celebrations for the 90th anniversary of the Communist party on Friday. Heis normally a staple of such events and other former leaders were shown at the gathering.
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Sina, which runs a wildly popular microblog service, went to increasing lengths to keep the topic off-limits. Searches forthe leader's name, or even just for "jiang" – river – resulted in the warning: "Search results are not shown due to relevant laws and policies."
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They even began to remove one of the cheekiest references to Jiang: an empty set of clothes hanging up, with the trousers hitched to Simon Cowell-level. The former leader is known for his high waistline.. a6 ~; C8 X& V; Y0 J( X
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But some internet users began posting about a leader called "River", using the English word.
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The lengths to which authorities are going are all the more striking because Jiang's death would be unlikely to cause major ripples.
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- y; Z& B/ E1 Y" B7 B5.39.217.76"We are not going to see a palace coup of any sort," said Steve Tsang of the University of Nottingham, an expert on succession in China.
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  ]! i9 d' T3 ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvb"We are not going to see a leadership change as a result of Jiang Zemin's passing away and we are not going to see a majorreversal in any major policy."
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! Q3 f  m: W2 _5.39.217.76Two Hong Kong television stations have reported that Jiang has died, citing unidentified sources.. a! t# c7 m# i/ P- _' ^

0 W) a2 r* L0 O- {9 W* G- H9 GThe Wall Street Journal's website reported that Sina had also blocked searches for words such as "myocardial infarction", "hung" – a euphemism for death – and "301Hospital" – a reference to the medical facility that often treats top leaders.
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Chinese internet users have become increasingly adept at evading censorship, often using images, analogies, Roman script and puns. But David Bandurski, of the University of Hong Kong's China Media Project, said censorship ghettoises discussions, so that they do not spread beyond small groups of people who recognise the relevant code words.
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4 F/ m( H/ s. c$ T; n+ W0 ]Chinese officials still "want to control the conversation as ultimately as they can," he said.

felicity2010

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$ p; V5 b. q! e. j) k2 [- c/ jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbChina insistsreports of Jiang Zemin's death are 'pure rumour'5.39.217.76, T/ ]* k8 J& [3 |) m
Johnathan Watts   The Guardian   7 Jul 2011; m$ g) E6 n5 ]5 F8 p
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Denial that former president has died unlikely to quell online and overseas speculation公仔箱論壇0 L4 u7 A/ h. z/ g* `6 N
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Reports of the death of the former president Jiang Zemin have been greatly exaggerated, the Chinese state media has insisted, amid a frenzy of speculation online and overseas.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. W, N3 L! U, v& `+ \8 X

0 [4 A- t7 ~! h; x2 M' m公仔箱論壇In an unusual move, state news agency Xinhua issued a brief denial that the 84-year-old statesman had passed away to quell rumours that began on Friday when Jiang failed to attend the biggest political event of the year – a 90th anniversary celebration to mark the founding of the Chinese Communist party.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; x% v; L( w! q1 v8 D
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Asia Television of Hong Kong broadcast a report on Wednesday claiming Jiang had died of an unnamed illness. Japanese and South Korean media issued similar bulletins. Chinese journalists said they had been told to expect news on Thursday, but the only comment was a single line from Xinhua.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; \4 ?' f' f7 |" y5 [* S

+ V# z0 j, a* J. }& H( r& {7 U; J5.39.217.76"Recent reports of some overseas media organizations about Jiang Zemin's death from illness are pure rumour," the newswire said, quoting unnamed "authoritative sources".tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" I2 I6 Z' f$ ?0 {
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Despite the denial, speculation is unlikely to fully die down until Jiang is seen again in public. The last such big occasionwas in October 2009 for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic. Jiang was also present at an event in Sichuan last year, where his car was reportedly followed by an ambulance. Jiang is said to be suffering from an illness and possibly hospitalised, although it is hard to confirm because China treats the health of its leaders as a state secret.
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  O  ?2 ?6 B* `7 z% K; m, M' ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Until today, censors have tried to quell speculation by blocking references to related words on blogs and search engines: "Jiang", "myocardial infarction", "hung"– a euphemism for death – and "301 Hospital" – a reference to the medical facility where he was said to be treated.9 s) x4 \+ U. c& A! e9 `& H; [
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 I0 F0 N, D7 Y( L+ J
Searches for "jiang", which means river,resulted in the warning: "Search results are not shown due to relevant laws and policies." Netizens sidestepped the prohibition by using English words and allusions.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 M7 p% `4 a! }! g$ h" c4 y
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The US-based dissident news site Boxun.com said Shandong News in eastern China had its website disabled by authorities for reporting Jiang's death, though the newspaper dismissed Boxun's report.
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Boxun showed what it said was a screenshot of Shandong News with a banner headline reading "Venerable Comrade Jiang Zemin Will Never Be Forgotten" next to a photo of the former leader.
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A woman in the news department at Shandong News said the newspaper's site went offline on Wednesday because its servers crashed and it was still trying to fix the problem.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* {) h5 G, i5 h6 f8 [

- K! b) g5 k# W6 w- Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe woman, who would only give her surname, Wang,said the website never posted news saying Jiang had died.公仔箱論壇; y) k' D- o! \7 M2 G
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"That's a rumour," she said. "Maybe someone with ulterior motives made that screenshot."
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' q7 [+ a! I( _" W% X* LThe internet cat-and-mouse game over the possible death of a former leader underscores how secretive China's Communist party leadership remains – and the difficulties of maintaining that secrecy in a well-wired society.2 ~% P% `2 N7 v1 f3 z) \
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# Z4 F, J4 S! V) O
Jiang Zemin rose to power in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square killings, oversaw the handover of Hong Kong in 1997 and led his country until 2002, by which time it was one of the world's most powerful economies. He was replaced by the current president Hu Jintao.

aa00

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5.39.217.766 f; |' [4 H+ w6 M9 a& t
2011年 7月 07日- y' w! ?9 u! I' Z# z8 {
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世界媒體看中國：老人·謠言·政治·熱鬧' _$ U" o* S# ?# L0 X- e
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- y- ^' a# Q( m8 P( S7 AVOA  記者: 齊之豐 | 華盛頓
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 `; r9 K. t& m; |3 Y% _+ J
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- |8 Q/ y) ]! p2 m. }, T9 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。圖片來源: 2011年7月7日 産經新聞報導PDF截屏
8 t; m, H+ F% _1 w3 y公仔箱論壇日本“産經新聞”錯誤報導江澤民已去世' |( ~: h) r" L6 `5 A; B
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1 c0 \2 u0 O1 r3 O* iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 ?0 W0 Z' L) I  D

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9 V% Z; Q0 M& [6 jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。在一般情況下，在一般國家，一位即將85歲的老人，即使是一位退休國家元首，行將85歲，身體不適，病重，已經去世，或沒有去世，這樣的消息或傳聞不會成為非同一般的大新聞。
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然而，中國的情況非同一般。中國前國家主席江澤民可能病重或已經去世的傳聞7月5日半夜時分在中國的網際網路上流傳開來之後，中國當局全面開動新聞出版檢查以及網路資訊封鎖機器，對有關的消息實行全面的封鎖。
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3 D0 d; _; L: E/ D* T6 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。在當局的封鎖措施之下，中國的長江也從中國的網際網路網路空間消失（參看美國之音7月6日的詳細中文報導：“世界媒體看中國：江澤民‘被失蹤；’”“當局急阻涉江帖 平添多少敏感詞”）。這種比人咬狗還離奇的新聞，顯然使世界各國的記者興奮異常。
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*外國記者的娛樂*公仔箱論壇- O0 K  r. c$ j
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報導這樣的離奇新聞使外國記者得以把工作和娛樂結合起來，使工作變成娛樂，娛樂變成工作，讓他們好像返回了童年，讓他們得以充分展示自己的正經、假正經、幽默、冷峻、深邃、博學、認真、風趣、歡快......他們甚至借此機會相互逗趣打鬧。
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法國的《巴黎競賽》畫報網站發表的一篇報導，可以説是一個很顯眼的例子。. B4 W, }1 K! v: |/ t8 k7 c% K
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儘管中國官方媒體7月7日星期三正式否認江澤民已死，《巴黎競賽》畫報發表的亞尼克·維裏的報導依然是洋溢著調侃。這篇報導的題目是：“江澤民的真假死，” 副標題是：“中國前國家元首（1993-2003）依然活著麼？官方媒體要人放心，但謠傳依然在網路間流傳。”+ ^9 j" p5 Y! M3 d7 t5 R+ Z
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ a9 V/ R% @$ X' |  B" t
維裏報導的正文依然是這種歡快興奮的口吻，而且在歡快中還不忘揶揄一下日本的新聞界同行：
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“國家機密。中國前國家主席江澤民將作為鎮壓1989年天安門示威抗議的人之一載入史冊。自星期三他死亡的傳聞傳出之後，中國的網路資訊審查機構超忙碌起來。應當説，這一次北京的傳播機構被弄了個猝不及防。......網民立即通過社交網路把消息傳開來，儘管很多關鍵詞......立即被封殺，其中包括江澤民的‘江’字。星期四，日本的《産經新聞》還發出報導，證實中國這位前強人死亡，從而再添一份亂。”) R/ n( a9 s5 @3 S3 L* ]8 V+ k8 T

" G. i9 h( p( P! |- O6 f# W, W*《産經新聞》受揶揄*
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不幸的《産經新聞》被揶揄也只能暗自苦笑。7月7日，在中國官方的新華社發出正式否認之前的幾個小時，跟日本其他主要報紙一樣向以嚴肅持重著稱的《産經新聞》為江澤民去世發出一份網路版號外。
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; Y. ?. G8 @+ m; \) P《産經新聞》號外的通欄大標題是：“江澤民（84歲）死去”。副標題是：“（江的去世）對中國的權力結構的影響  /（江乃）習近平的後盾 /  前國家主席。”
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《産經新聞》的這個大錯不但被遠在法國的《巴黎競賽》畫報揶揄，在日本國內，總部設在東京的網路新聞網站J-CAST新聞網也拿它來當笑柄。7月7日，J-CAST新聞網發表一條新聞，標題是：“江澤民是死是活？《産經新聞》對新華社、對面決鬥。”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% \$ o5 W- a, e3 D! f4 ~4 a
公仔箱論壇$ G. O7 x' b7 a4 G1 t
*日本報紙的嚴肅持重*
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與此同時，日本其他主要報紙則依然遵循嚴肅持重的路線，進行一本正經的報導。例如，《日本經濟新聞》7月7日發表駐北京記者島田學的報導，題目是：“中國否認江澤民死去 /  消息來源説他‘健康狀況惡化。’”報導説：tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- w4 b$ y. b9 y7 J/ T, |5 I& C/ }6 E

1 ]* E3 E2 h# Q  K, c9 q公仔箱論壇“好幾個中國消息來源7日表示，傳説中健康不佳的江澤民前國家主席‘雖然沒有死去，但狀況不妙。’這些消息來源證實江的狀況在惡化。但是，對於江澤民已經去世的報導，中國國營的新華社7日援引多位政府官員的話説，‘有關的報導純屬謠言。’”
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7 f6 ~' z0 t, S, k*英語報紙的活潑調皮*tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ ]$ V8 z1 n% C7 Y" A# k

- d8 v& U" [7 K公仔箱論壇與幾乎總是一本正經的日本報紙報導相比，英語世界的報導就顯得明顯活潑，甚至非常活潑。澳大利亞主要報紙之一《雪梨先驅晨報》7月8日發表一篇報導，其標題乾脆玩起了文字遊戲：
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Beijing rules: don't speak ill of Jiang
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這種文字遊戲讓翻譯絕望，因為它一語雙關，既可以表示“北京裁定：不準説江壞話，”也可以表示“北京裁定：不準説江有病。”翻譯只能是一次選擇一種，難以同時包含兩種的意思。
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7 z: V! J% |/ a, \$ h. {. @. S7 \8 qTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。《雪梨先驅晨報》在那文字遊戲的標題下，轉載的是華盛頓郵報駐北京記者基斯·裏奇伯格6日發表、7日更新的一篇報導。
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, S+ V: r" l  ]: P# z" p5.39.217.76查華盛頓郵報裏奇伯格報導的原文，其標題一本正經，一點也不調皮：“中國封鎖網際網路有關江澤民的搜索結果；否認有關他死亡的報導。”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* X! t* |  E9 P' h' B, h

0 p/ i9 |5 n& l$ h+ t公仔箱論壇裏奇伯格報導的內容也中規中矩，十分穩健嚴肅：8 |$ y- p5 Y! |* `5 g: i: H

4 ?4 i3 l$ r/ b8 `5.39.217.76“中國的媒體審查機構星期三開始封殺一些詞的網際網路搜索結果，試圖撲滅有關患病的前國家主席江澤民健康狀況的傳聞猜測。星期四，官方的新聞通訊社否認他已死報導，説那都是‘純屬謠言。’公仔箱論壇$ f* H- k5 f+ {' d

  k; V; c2 z3 n+ D' x) U9 G& o公仔箱論壇“上個星期五江澤民沒有同其他高級領導人一道出席慶祝中國共産黨成立90週年的活動。自那時以來，有關84歲的江澤民瀕臨死亡或已經死亡的傳聞在微網志網站滿天飛。多年來一直有謠傳説，江澤民患病。”
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% O& g6 ?7 l- _' V在過去兩天有關中國的報導中，中國當局網際網路資訊審查機構的封鎖和中國網民鬥智鬥勇、突破當局資訊封鎖是世界媒體報導的重點。
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與裏奇伯格相比，路透社7月7日發表的駐北京記者本·布蘭查德和魏遂禮（譯音）的報導，又顯得輕鬆愉快了很多。該報導的題目是：“富有創造性的中國人繞過網路審查機關搜索‘江大伯。’” 報導説：. ^  l1 [$ v  r1 y. J7 j3 C8 F
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“這是中國網際網路上最熱門的一個話題，但是當局不準許任何人談論。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: q3 S5 |! q  M2 }- J; x4 Y
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“在海外媒體報導了前國家主席江澤民死去之後，中國內行的網際網路用戶就不斷找到富有創造性的途徑翻越網際網路國家防火牆。所謂的防火牆是中國保安當局設立的網際網路屏障，用來干擾或阻斷人們從網上獲取當局認為是過於敏感的資訊。
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“在中國的微網志或搜索引擎搜索欄中鍵入‘江澤民，’人們所能得到的只是被遮罩的網頁或慢騰騰的連接。在部落格裏寫‘江澤民’這個名字，人們就會受到資訊審查機關的格外關注。敏感的言論常常一上網就消失。
" ?  ?% r$ G, |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ A. }3 k, _7 `0 ^  e  g. s
“但中國人使用‘江大伯，’‘超級垂簾聽政者，’‘前皇帝’之類的詞語，來進行跟這個問題相關的活潑的辯論，雖然這種辯論讓局外人不摸頭腦。”" y! }1 A5 X: B% ^
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*滑稽又深沉*
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  s3 E, c8 j/ x8 m8 S英國倫敦《電訊報》同日發表的報導標題，則讓讀者不禁覺得它話裏有話：“中國堅持説，有關江澤民死亡的謠傳是假的。”5.39.217.767 R- Q- c% }8 j; {& R# ~! R6 a: t

& }: O# _+ ]5 |( [: \: ]《電訊報》報導的重點也在中國當局的網路封鎖和中國網民的突破封鎖，報導既滑稽又深沉：TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" f8 _, y9 h0 r& Y

. E0 B, D- v" c' \* U) J5.39.217.76“網民搜索中文的‘江澤民’或搜索江河的‘江’字，會得到新浪網微搏網站的警告，説這種搜索是非法的。”
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! ~, O3 [" a5 p7 S& ]( R' L5.39.217.76“於是，新浪微網志那裏就開始出現一些有關這位前領導人的帖子，他的姓氏用英語‘River’來代表。”
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“網際網路上圍繞著中國一位前領導人是否死去這一話題的這種貓捉老鼠的遊戲凸顯出中國共産黨領導層依然多麼神神秘秘，以及在網際網路普及的一個社會維持這種神秘多麼困難。”
* {9 A* h! M. |6 T. V7 l; D0 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
6 Z- |+ `  @$ \1 |+ n/ `+ b*中國特殊的政治*TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 B' c; F- ]# n4 a) m7 G

$ O1 u8 Y7 T8 f7 s2 itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb對外部世界來説，一個84歲的老人的身體健康狀況成為世界人口第一大國的一個不能公開報導或談論的話題，成為千百萬網際網路用戶跟當局鬥智鬥勇的由頭，這種奇異的政治現象讓人很難理解。
8 k) ]5 w5 p, u( G5.39.217.76TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- V0 u" b- X/ O/ O' b3 ?5 k$ {/ x, V
華爾街日報記者傑裏米·佩奇及時寫出一篇報導，給人們解惑。佩奇報導的題目是：“為什麼中國試圖封鎖遮罩有關江澤民的議論？”報導説：tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# Q& H1 c, }! s

: {$ h+ P0 v9 S$ T) Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb“在外部世界看來，中國試圖封鎖遮罩人們談論前國家主席顯然是生病的事情，這或許顯得不必要，也是徒勞，畢竟在過去的幾天裏有關的言傳已經在網際網路上迅速傳開了。
1 v# ]  U5 ^4 _: a% q6 ]8 ZTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
5 u# [9 G* W& }2 j“但是，中國共産黨非常清楚，現任和前任領導人的死亡在過去常常會引起政治動蕩。最明顯的一個例子是在1989年，(胡耀邦之死)引起要求民主的抗議示威。公仔箱論壇5 q% q6 M0 y# o! s4 C
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“因此，公開討論黨的領袖的健康一直被嚴格禁止。一個主要原因是中國這些領導人年齡一般比外國領導人大，但他們依然試圖給人一種富有青春活力的印象。”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% h2 T& U& Z* ~. }7 u

# Q+ G, g0 G% `% W' ~& P6 |2 x2 S1 r5 D! u5.39.217.76印度的主要報紙《印度教徒報》駐北京記者安南思·克裏什南在7月7日發出的報導中，則對有關江澤民生死的謠傳所顯露出來的獨特中國政治做出了這樣的一番介紹：公仔箱論壇# C( X2 [0 i; \( _
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“本星期有關（江澤民生死的）謠傳起因于他沒有出席7月1日（中共慶祝成立90年）慶祝活動。前總理李鵬和朱熔基都參加了那些活動。”
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“在2009年慶祝中華人民共和國建國60週年活動中，江澤民被給予突出的報導。很多中國分析人士認為，這反映出他退休多年之後依然可以繼續在幕後發揮相當大的影響力。”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ `5 P" f& n2 I$ [
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ i% }" v- X, @* M
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ n* G* ]% J& j9 C
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 a9 b0 y! I' N6 [
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* v- P3 f3 l, u" H, Z來源 / 版權所有：  以上所述媒体 / 美國之音0 C" M0 Y6 l8 F
(以上内容摘自或摘译自 其它媒体 / 美國之音，不代表發帖者观点)# g1 u+ r& ~! z
5.39.217.76. J6 L4 U& e" N6 W" p

% a& E' b) Y: n) L4 |7 S公仔箱論壇9 m( [2 V4 l. B8 e/ d/ V  H! X
註：上文引述相關媒體，摘文轉貼樓下

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) Q: h" r9 {; i" rL’ancien chef d’Etat chinois (1993-2003) est-il toujours vivant ? Si les médias officiels se veulent rassurants, la rumeur court toujours sur le Net.
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+ p9 `! |+ e8 }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 ) Y" _& ~5 e- Y2 ]# ^2 p2 H$ R' ]
Yannick Vely - Parismatch.com 公仔箱論壇7 R8 e2 O+ w( e! O+ x$ W8 y
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Secret d’Etat. Depuis mercredi et les premières annonces de la mort de l’ancien président chinois, Jiang Zemin, qui restera aussi dans l’Histoire comme l’un des hommes de la répression des manifestations de Tienanmen en 1989, les censeurs chinois sont sur le qui-vive. Il faut dire que la communication de Pékin a cette fois-ci été prise de court. Si les spéculations sur l’état de santé de Jiang Zemin avaient été relancées après son absence remarquée aux célébrations du 90e anniversaire de la naissance de Mao Zedong, le 1 juillet dernier, l’annonce de sa mort sur la chaîne de télévision hongkongaise ATV, mercredi, a fait l’effet d’une bombe médiatique incontrôlable. Les utilisateurs du Web ont immédiatement diffusé l’information sur les réseaux sociaux, bien que de nombreux mots-clés – dont infarctus du myocarde et iang (rivière en chinois)  associés à l’ancien maire de Shanghai et à sa mort à l’âge de 84 ans aient été immédiatement censurés. Jeudi, le quotidien japonais «Sankei Shimbun» a encore rajouté un élément à la confusion, en confirmant le décès de l’ancien homme fort de la Chine.公仔箱論壇2 R3 V+ O7 y8 d$ u! l- f5 d: d
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. C+ H5 l- V6 R0 E3 N8 u" G8 K5.39.217.76Un démenti officielSelon l’agence Chine Nouvelle qui reprend les déclarations officielles, les récentes informations sur la mort ou la maladie de Jiang Zemin sont «de pures rumeurs». Selon le site dissident Boxun.com, le journal chinois Shandong News avait fait paraître sur son site internet une mention au décès de l’ancien leader – «Vénérable camarade Jiang Zemin nous ne t’oublierons pas»  - ce qu’a démenti la rédaction du site. Ce dernier a d’ailleurs – hasard ou coïncidence… - été inaccessible quelques heures durant. Ce remue-ménage sur la mort prévisible d’un dirigeant de 84 ans démontre une fois de plus le climat d’inquiétude qui règne à Pékin. Ses prises de position anti-étudiants lors des événements meurtriers de la place Tiananmen, en 1989 lui ont valu de devenir secrétaire général du Parti communiste dans la foulée, en lieu et place de Deng Xiaping et de purger les rangs du parti des réformateurs favorables à la prise en compte des aspirations de la jeunesse. En plaçant des proches à des postes-clés – «la bande de Shanghai» -, Jiang Zemin – qui conservera jusqu’en 2004 son poste de président de la Commission militaire centrale -, noyautera le pouvoir pendant plus de dix ans, avant de céder sa place au président chinois actuel, Hu Jintao.公仔箱論壇% H( k0 x5 ]3 Y( f' O' u
Pékin redoute-t-il  alors qu’une partie de la dissidence fête la mort de ce liberticide ? Depuis l’obtention du prix Nobel de la Paix par Liu Xiaobo, et plus encore après la révolution du Jasmin en Tunisie, qui a ensuite gagné l'Egypte et la Libye, Pékin veille au grain, pour que les «porcs» ne se mettent pas à grogner. Selon le site Chinese Human Rights Defender, pas moins de 49 dissidents ont été arrêtés, après des appels anonymes à la révolution lancés sur Internet mi-février et des manifestations de soutien aux révolutionnaires arabes. Neuf personnes ont été formellement arrêtées, dont trois envoyés en camp de rééducation par le travail. Vingt-trois autres ont été libérés sous caution dans l’attente de leur procès. Et le site de détailler le sort de chacun, avocats, écrivains, blogueurs ou simples activistes pour une société plus juste et égalitaire en Chine. Le gouvernement de Hu Jintao mène ainsi une guerre sans précédent contre la cyber-dissidence, surveillant les réseaux sociaux comme le lait sur le feu. Il est toujours impossible pour le citoyen chinois de s'informer sur les révolutions menées dans les pays arabes ou sur la crise nucléaire de Fukushima, sans prendre le risque d'être traqué à son tour par les autorités.
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7 C. }) H, I# l, K, r' v+ K$ g& K(以上内容摘自或摘译自 其它媒体，不代表發帖者观点)

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江沢民前国家主席が死去　今後の日中関係にも影響か( n) V/ _# B3 R4 v

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. D" p5 [! o& x5 a; u( W# \' ^' u5.39.217.76江沢民前国家主席（ロイター）
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0 H" Y7 ]* @- ?* _. Q, n3 E　中国の江沢民前国家主席が６日夕、北京で死去したことが７日分かった。日中関係筋が明らかにした。８４歳だった。遺体は北京市内の人民解放軍総医院（３０１病院）に安置されていると見られる。関係者は「脳死」と話している。
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+ C1 G- l' f7 B; S, `% ?  X$ {5.39.217.76　江氏は１９８９年から２００２年まで中国の最高指導者である共産党総書記を務め、改革開放路線を推進して高度経済成長を実現する一方、貧富の格差拡大を生み出した。次期最高指導者と目される習近平国家副主席の有力な支持者でもあり、江氏の死去は今後の政局や日中関係にも影響を与えそうだ。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ D& u. ]* N1 @
　中国のメディア関係者によると、江氏は長期間にわたり膀胱（ぼうこう）がんで療養していた。４月ごろから体調を崩して入院、６月下旬から危篤の状態が続いていた。７月１日の中国共産党創建９０周年の祝賀大会を欠席したため、重病説や死去説が流れていた。
+ O! N4 {& m5 P, q. o3 G5 v. @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb　江沢民氏は江蘇省出身。１９４７年に上海交通大を卒業。５５年、当時のソ連の自動車修理工場で研修した経歴をもつ。電子工業相を経て８５年に上海市長、８７年に上海トップの上海党委書記に就任。
0 Y: _- j2 P( e5 K公仔箱論壇　８９年６月、民主化運動を弾圧した天安門事件直後にトウ小平氏ら長老たちに抜擢（ばってき）され、総書記の座に上りつめた。国家元首である国家主席は９３年３月から０３年３月まで務めた。9 C! k# k7 u! n* J" I
　９７年のトウ氏死去後、名実ともに中国の最高指導者となった。
9 i* K  ~4 v' M　在任中、企業家の共産党入党を積極的に認めるなど党改革を手掛けたが、言論の自由や民主化に向けた改革には消極的だった。
8 Y2 L/ {+ H( W% N3 q( ~0 G* ]公仔箱論壇　引退後も、上海閥のリーダーとして政界に影響力を持ち続け、上海閥と良好な関係にある習副主席を支援してきた。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 ~; z; _# E; J

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SOURCE : The Sydney Morning Herald Beijing rules: don't speak ill of Jiang

Keith Richburg, Beijing July 8, 2011
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CHINA'S media censors have blocked internet references to ailing retired leader Jiang Zemin after rumours spread that he had died.
! v* K; |3 O* L5.39.217.76Speculation has been rife on microblogging sites that Mr Jiang, 84, was dying or had died after he failed to appear last Friday alongside other top leaders for ceremonies marking the 90th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party's founding.5.39.217.76! j9 _0 I0 o5 k% X4 }/ \, v2 k- I
Mr Jiang has been rumoured to have been in ill health for years. On the most popular local Twitter-like microblogging site, Sina.com, searches were blocked for terms including ''301'', the name of the Beijing military hospital where China's top leaders are treated. Also blocked was Mr Jiang's name, which means ''river'' in Chinese, as well as ''brain death'' and ''brain dead''.8 _3 ]7 _" W6 A$ k& S9 B

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Savvy internet users found ways around the restrictions by chatting using other common words for ''river'' to refer to Jiang.

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There was no official word on Mr Jiang's health - not unusual in a country where basic facts about senior officials are closely guarded secrets. But the explosive growth of the internet in China, with millions of microblogging sites, or ''weibo'', is challenging the Communist Party's monopoly on information.

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The blocking of the search terms suggested leaders were aware of the speculation and were determined to try to control the timing and manner of any announcement about Mr Jiang.

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The current leadership might also be sensitive to how the public will react to an announcement of Mr Jiang's death.

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Mr Jiang, who took over as party secretary after the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, was viewed as a free-market economic reformer who reduced the state's role in business, brought China into the World Trade Organisation and improved relations with the US.

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Late on Wednesday, the website of a Hong Kong TV station published what appeared to be a tribute to Mr Jiang, without confirming whether he had died.

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Mr Jiang was last seen publicly in 2009 at ceremonies marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Reports of his health come as China is preparing to move to a new generation of leaders next year.

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Mr Jiang was said to be the leader of one faction manoeuvring behind the scenes to support his favoured candidates for elevation to the ruling Standing Committee.

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WASHINGTON POST

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