1 T- Y5 `7 b+ O2 Z6 X5.39.217.76曼德拉領導ANC,以非暴力形式反對種族隔離,但政府屢對示威群眾暴力鎮壓。1960年,南非當局將ANC等解放組織列為非法組織,曼德拉於是領導ANC的武裝分翼,轉入地下抗爭,逃亡兩年後最終被捕。1962年,43歲的曼德拉被控以「煽動罪」等罪,罪成判囚5年,1964年再被加控「陰謀顛覆罪」,改判無期徒刑。 6 H6 K9 m1 \1 X0 TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.766 Y2 O( j& c! E3 a4 u
牢獄生涯的首18年,曼德拉被囚在惡名昭彰的羅本島(Robben Island),生活在極狹小的囚室內,每日被逼做苦役。非人待遇並未磨蝕曼德拉的意志:他在獄中完成回憶錄《走向自由的漫漫長路》(Long Walk to Freedom)的數百頁手稿。被囚後期,曼德拉患上肺結核;外界普遍認為這是曼德拉晚年肺部屢受感染的原因。公仔箱論壇) d' D4 a4 a# m: }
$ s. R H# v5 I% ]/ V: O+ k- m$ ^公仔箱論壇被囚在監獄鐵窗之內的曼德拉,成為反種族隔離運動的象徵,得到全球關注;逼於各國的經濟制裁及政治壓力,南非政府於1990年2月釋放曼德拉。 + e& D7 u+ E Q5 R* stvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# R; b/ J& }% c" B$ o1 _0 p: q 復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕5.39.217.765 Q0 t o) ~* I
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只佔南非人口不足兩成的白人,在南非實施種族隔離,剝奪有色人種的政治、經濟甚至是基本人權,不擇手段地打壓有色人種的生存空間;曼德拉獲釋,顯示白人政府的種族隔離政策已離結束不遠 ─ 有白人不捨得將享受多年的特權交出,又擔心會被清算,被佔南非人口八成的黑人清算往日惡行;部份黑人則主張向白人復仇,追究到底。 f T4 {7 I3 u0 P4 _$ A# Z & A; b) l$ j8 I8 S公仔箱論壇但曼德拉的立場由始至終沒有改變。他窮畢生之力爭取的,並非黑人或任何一個族群的利益,而是建立多元種族共融的南非,建立一個不論膚色人種,均可平等共處的自由社會。 + J I9 P; K7 V- P- _& x8 ?5 m8 P6 `公仔箱論壇 # M# v+ _+ c$ E. W; p0 VTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。對於南非令人不敢回望的過去,曼德拉並沒有選擇逃避;在復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕。1990年2月11日下午4點,72歲的曼德拉步出 Victor Verster 監獄。曼德拉如此描述自己踏出囚牢的心情: ; H% C" Z+ `: D7 a6 Z' wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
“As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison.”5.39.217.765 V% W3 r3 l5 Q' M. B, c
- I& G/ H) A# w3 `曾被逼拿起武器對抗強權的曼德拉,經歷27年牢獄生涯之後,卻能夠放下所有怨對與仇恨,選擇以最溫和的手段改變南非;在這過程中,曼德拉始終堅持平等的價值,並相信寛恕的力量。公仔箱論壇. k8 ]0 @6 X8 R! t
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It was during those long and lonely years that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 j4 H2 U* ^" j% z
I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. 7 r" c+ V) V* i; @& [(Long Walk to Freedom)8 D) C- p% x# v2 Y$ B, r) V6 R
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2 O; r+ ^# ~& t' G 黎明前的黑暗 腥風血雨下的和平談判 & \1 a, t- S- P& u公仔箱論壇& `- p% e' ^, u" q: t
南非政府種族隔離政策遺下的禍,並未因曼德拉1990年獲釋而消解。 ; m3 [% ~4 ?& W7 p" \3 } 9 ?7 q7 [0 _/ q3 B公仔箱論壇曼德拉仍在獄中時,已多次與掌政官員會面,就和平過渡展開談判。出獄後,曼德拉領導的ANC,與克拉克領導的政府及其他南非政黨經年累月地磋商,才最終促成種族平權。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" L4 A5 O1 N3 v: n- [1 i( B
黎明前的夜最是漆黑。1990-1994年間,談判如火如荼地進行,種族隔離的規例一條一條被廢除,但這段時間也被死守種族主義的南非白人視為掙扎的最後時機;而目睹白人政權逐步瓦解,亦有黑人對曼德拉提倡的種族多元政權感不滿,認為應完全由黑人掌權。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* F; w X2 ? X# B- b
Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for - the freedom of all of us. / w: L- m2 n: ]* Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb ! I2 \3 ]9 S1 |# x5 B* X3 xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This is a watershed moment for all of us. We must not let the men who worship war, and who lust after blood, precipitate actions that will plunge our country into another Angola. Chris Hani has made the supreme sacrifice. The greatest tribute we can pay to his life's work is to ensure we win that freedom for all our people. / X' y3 D, w/ i3 iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 : E: A. f: e* n- a1 ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
曼德拉的誠摯懇求,使騷亂得以平息,足見曼德拉在南非人民心中的聲望。最終,Hani被殺一事沒有成功挑起戰爭,反促使談判進程加快;武裝份子再加重攻擊,亦再也阻擋不了南非走向平等民主之勢。1993年,曼德拉與克拉克一同獲頒諾貝爾和平獎。1994年,在南非首次白人與黑人均可參與的投票中,曼德拉獲選成為南非第一個黑人總統。 , K; V: K( j3 P6 Z( Y+ Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb / R" c3 M* A* X9 p5 p; Y7 K7 C! n* YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 ; N* f# C% a n) `& H; S M" TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。圖:維基百科 p! W/ O" h T: O' `公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇- L3 v3 H2 N+ i 真相與和解 9 ]" Y+ s- b) e7 B; v1 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& I V8 P6 ?, m! R9 q8 [" [( p
1995年,曼德拉就任一年後,宣佈成立「真相與和解委員會」,由杜圖大主教主持,審視南非的種族隔離歷史。委員會成立的目的,並非清算壓迫者昔日的暴行,而是希望完整還原那段歷史的真相,透過寛恕,達致真正的種族和解。 5 K8 M f: }0 [' t0 s! N0 u5.39.217.76 1 _" k; y( O' U2 l委員會有三個任務:梳理清楚1960-1994年在南非發生的人權侵犯事件;讓受害者說出真相,並安排適當賠償;若當年曾參與侵犯人權的壓迫者願意和盤托出,講述所知的全部真相,則確保其可獲有限度特赦,不予追究。曼德拉本人對白人政權的逼迫的寛恕,為參與「真相與和解委員會」聽証的人首先樹立了榜樣。 - i2 j6 {% y! w# U2 bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 / Q8 L) L% j# u" Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb「真相與和解委員會」聽取了逾2萬名證人的陳述,使種族隔離時代不少被隱藏於威權下的殘酷真相得以曝光,也使當年的受害者透過講出痛苦得以釋放、使施暴者從寛恕中得到救贖,讓整個南非社會,在真相的基礎上重建互信,為這個國家重建人性精神。 6 d0 o1 `( K4 q1 T' X/ e/ B ! A) l! ~6 `: @5 K% iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。有不少人批評「真相與和解委會員」輕易放過當年的施暴者。在「真相與和解報告」公開之日,曼德拉有以下發言。 0 ] S' i4 t6 |1 r: Y) C5.39.217.76 " X) s+ u& C; w" h5 H0 OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
We should constantly keep our minds on the broad picture that has emerged. The wounds of the period of repression and resistance are too deep to have been healed by the TRC alone, however well it has encouraged us along that path. + V' l# m; c7 P/ q( `8 m公仔箱論壇 ( |+ M# X e/ xIt is for those who have suffered losses of different kinds and magnitudes to be afforded reparation, proceeding from the premise that freedom and dignity are the real prize that our sacrifices were meant to attain. Free at last, we are all masters of our destiny. ; d" W4 a* L6 p+ f% [; G/ s. w' `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
" X9 j7 A9 l* R- `5 x3 i( LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The sight of freedom looming on the horizon should encourage us to redouble our efforts. " _& G) v( z6 Q% b1 @" {, ~5.39.217.76 9 p w" u% _3 R3 @5.39.217.76It is only through disciplined mass action that our victory can be assured. We call on our white compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new South Africa. The freedom movement is a political home for you too. We call on the international community to continue the campaign to isolate the apartheid regime. To lift sanctions now would be to run the risk of aborting the process towards the complete eradication of apartheid.5.39.217.76! l3 O+ h8 f! M/ ]* d
# }+ [. w' D$ W/ ~" r* HOur march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* ^5 K7 i: ^$ E5 t( r7 K& ?
4 d% i9 L) B$ x; r) S& d5 l公仔箱論壇In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I wrote:tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& K7 q+ e3 B1 W9 N; W- z( A: N
'I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.'公仔箱論壇; n7 P; W9 L: y6 e3 @9 L
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奧巴馬悼曼德拉:He belongs to the ages 3 s; {9 a; y2 P; s' D" _# xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 0 m0 ^3 K, W4 B8 ^2 _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- S' h6 [4 A- b O
南非前總統曼德拉,於南非時間昨夜約9時,在約翰內斯堡的寓所安祥去世,享年95歲。 # ~+ S- n2 n& r公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇0 R* Q& \. W4 o, m
南非總統祖馬(Jacob Zuma)於當地時間昨日,透過電視講話向國民宣佈曼德拉離世的消息,並宣佈為其舉行國葬,南非各地明日起為曼德拉降半旗,直至葬禮完畢。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 s2 P+ {/ I6 Q5 k$ k
祖馬形容,南非失去了其最偉大的兒子,南非人民亦失去了一位父親。 2 d Q# M9 { x8 qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 9 o v" i! E8 t世界各國領袖亦對曼德拉離世,致以深切哀悼。5.39.217.766 D, g I4 W e- z% u/ j* t- Z
Nelson Mandela was a giant for justice and a down-to-earth human inspiration. Many around the world were greatly influenced by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways. At the same time, no-one did more in our time to advance the values and aspirations of the United Nations. Nelson Mandela showed what is possible for our world and within each one of us - if we believe, dream and work together for justice and humanity.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 A J7 n4 Y0 w# f1 C/ }
We've lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with. He no longer belongs to us, he belongs to the ages... His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to. 2 @+ ~' [& [7 {) Z* l& C
南非杜圖大主教TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ e& F9 g) u% ^& }/ E' g/ x0 D
The world is a better place for Nelson Mandela. He showed in his own character, and inspired in others, many of God's attributes: goodness, compassion, a desire for justice, peace, forgiveness and reconciliation. He was not only an amazing gift to humankind, he made South Africans and Africans feel good about being who we are. He made us walk tall. God be praised.. l4 B1 D- ?9 L* {: k S
A great light has gone out in the world. Nelson Mandela was a hero of our time. I've asked for the flag at No10 to be flown at half mast.公仔箱論壇" q( ~2 o& j6 z
Nelson Mandela made history. That of South Africa and the whole world. Nelson Mandela's message will not disappear. It will continue to inspire fighters for freedom, and to give confidence to peoples in the defence of just causes and universal rights.5.39.217.76/ k2 h/ P+ i) `" E' n" ^4 n
South Africa has lost one of its founding fathers and one of its greatest sons. Nelson Mandela's courage, charm and commitment to reconciliation and to the Constitution were an inspiration not only for South Africans but for the whole world.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 P4 K% r) t7 a! s- s8 R
I believe that his example will live on and that it will continue to inspire all South Africans to achieve his vision of non-racialism, justice, human dignity and equality for all. Tata, we shall miss you - but know that your spirit and example will always be there to guide us to the vision of a better and more just South Africa.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% c/ ]/ c/ |& E! Y" j4 }: u0 C
$ d4 j2 D& X- F& N3 TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇. J3 S4 W4 t b/ s7 }- W: E
區家麟: 風雨中抱緊自由 6 T9 P6 M' t+ Q3 ~4 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 7 Y6 C1 d! T$ v, v! m( Z$ o' v+ d/ P $ w; x0 Z8 K5 F5.39.217.76公仔箱論壇 e) F0 t4 r# j; E4 e4 P
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還記得,那年在南非,是曼德拉當上總統後的一兩年。 ! @! n* ?. M# M E* w6 l公仔箱論壇 , n' f2 Z% u3 w# b, f9 A8 v遇到的每位南非黑人,神采飛揚,眼神閃爍自信,充滿希望;但貧民窟繼續狂亂,城市森林不能久留,白人住別墅有泳池。 - a [/ p) m, Ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 p* X4 l4 ^4 k1 I/ |
充滿疑惑,說不清,看不明。 ( S+ ]3 N0 T, n' L, `7 h. |& Y U2 W7 k4 S _- ` N" Z+ ? |( Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvb遊歷的甜美,在看不明白,激發好奇心,我拿起旅館裡破舊的南非歷史故事,在開普敦買了曼德拉自傳 Long Walk to Freedom,瞬間啃下了七百幾頁。5.39.217.76$ Z/ J9 L+ `4 N! r1 X8 U ]
最後一頁,結語。 1 ]3 n% v# y( g+ E9 O5.39.217.76* w, n3 I. x2 q& k
面對新時代,權力在手,曼德拉謙遜,尋求大和解,而且做到了: 0 S# T' |3 S* R+ T' FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
「要解放受壓逼者,也要解放壓逼者……奪去他人自由的人,自己也是仇恨的囚徒,困鎖於偏狹的欄柵背後……當我步出監獄,這是我的使命:去解放被壓逼者與壓逼者……自由,不只是掙脫枷鎖,更要尊重與促進其他人的自由。我們熱愛自由,真正考驗才剛開始。」6 v( A; W% x! y }0 g& a0 q
自傳的最後一段,每次重讀,頓覺心仍未冷,熱淚在滾動:5.39.217.76& X3 j+ q0 c5 j7 N% L
「我走過了通往自由的長路。我嘗試不去猶豫;我曾踏錯腳步。但我發現了一個秘密:翻過了一座大山,只發現前路有更多的山。我稍作休息,偷看一眼當前的壯麗風景,回望來時路。但我只能歇息一會,享有自由,就要負起責任,我不敢久留,漫漫長路,還未到終點。」TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" {1 l9 b4 b4 ?7 a8 |
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(I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended.)
" @2 i; [" k- \/ x& o# P美國白宮星期六宣佈,總統奧巴馬伉儷將到南非出席星期二的悼念集會。前總統布什、克林頓與卡特也將會參與。 6 ^8 g+ v5 z3 K) e+ F " @! b* k7 g6 E4 n: y8 c) F& P/ ?自曼德拉於上星期四(5日)辭世以來,到其約翰內斯堡和索韋託故居集會弔唁的群眾絡繹不絕。5.39.217.769 N3 q `6 S- X b' u/ j
$ W( r8 X" t% N# \6 e3 M. u$ K TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 O7 m# h- d4 V
▲約翰內斯堡曼德拉故居是過去幾天的悼念中心之一。) H. N, v/ |+ A5 Z2 K" @
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BBC記者羅賓斯在約翰內斯堡報導說,雖然如此,但比勒陀利亞政府和執政黨非洲人國民大會希望偏遠地區社群也能緊密參與這些悼念活動。 A, ?: L( a4 q5.39.217.76 ! p* w* V* ^ c5 A/ ]3 @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。在為期一週的官方悼念活動期間,南非所有政府大樓都將下半旗,全國各地均設立弔唁冊供民眾簽署。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 T% }; O$ D5 f1 p: _4 S! X& C& U
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南非政府的一份聲明談及了曼德拉總統生前對於他希望人們以後怎樣紀念他的想法。' q2 ^- ~9 z% G8 a) c' z4 ~
& q4 y" {5 d& w4 m {7 a8 ~4 [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。曼德拉說:「要是讓我來說希望人們怎樣紀念我,那未免太自負了。」tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' g& R. y F8 l; W2 L' L3 b
6 K* v. J6 E7 A+ j( H公仔箱論壇「我寧可把這個問題交給全體南非人民來決定。我只需要一塊簡單的墓碑,上面寫著:『曼德拉』。」tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* d- Q) [; D: k1 i$ g. A7 f