本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
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' h( _! I0 Q1 x4 M% b' _, @4 l5.39.217.76 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 w5 o! P$ n/ \/ |* c9 L
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
3 O8 ]2 d' ]( H0 m0 Xof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
. B. h) j& i+ t& W3 E) L, M. L: bdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. @$ C4 a: g; D2 Q
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
4 Y7 ]( | B5 n' v! X' i! g9 yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
* e) ^7 F4 V+ E9 I8 lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! s+ {; q: y& O. V F' ~, i, M
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇) A- @8 ? R& a6 R
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
' T( G. T, H9 L& D* M2 ^, `( l/ ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
) C" w V1 \$ f5 ?) F$ d- N8 `% Q mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: q X) T; m! L/ }; z3 G+ H
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
V& M5 a" W. g3 _; CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
- K" G P6 b" L x2 F公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 5.39.217.768 t6 B3 x: b' d+ L
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
, x, y8 g/ g7 ^% O. Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. A7 z# |! o0 q" z! f3 a+ y
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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3 x7 {) ~' Z6 d; u7 C0 l公仔箱論壇Escondida Mine, Chile
& y0 F2 R- P( U5 S公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
! A2 Z6 M8 x+ O6 H: m" [more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 N& h. ^" f. X
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
3 k! \: E: G( w% E4 v/ P5.39.217.76This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
3 I9 o0 x; J; |# M8 faboard NASA’s Terra satellite.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) _/ d' e+ c, P: v- _) |+ X
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]' M8 K$ |' _ C) P DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
- d" e" K# E8 i. j! h! htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utahtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ A% O; g9 a$ n8 y
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
" l. s# H1 t, i. s. }4 A公仔箱論壇more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
8 U1 O" B( C3 t0 s4 W0 ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
. O7 V6 {: i" M: uthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 2 j3 D) X2 J) s. w
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
# b! P7 z Z1 z h% r2 l. v" c5.39.217.76feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
1 [( c: `, B p5.39.217.76This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
: |1 b4 z0 \; Z1 @ h \/ {- l% X5.39.217.76camera and an 800mm lens.5.39.217.764 @+ T" F, G" q; u1 w
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.
, K, @; E9 N3 Q; r- G6 P/ cThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 5.39.217.76; E& P, _9 {3 p7 f0 |7 c% ^# D/ U
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
) K$ M/ P" U) z0 {) A公仔箱論壇landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( T! \; M3 X! F5 T
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ H$ W ]2 X4 R
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
0 G5 [% e# X( |( }which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with ) u7 \9 q5 P/ l2 s
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
) _3 r8 F7 M# _& d9 V, wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
v" I" ?$ f& p% etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
( t3 j# W! h5 U* T: T2 lgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.6 D& I1 a1 k/ |
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001. W6 A5 p: r; u1 S
, Y: u5 w3 U3 e% BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 Q6 Y% A1 h( T" L. n {
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
1 i5 {4 F( o! Y公仔箱論壇Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 5.39.217.761 u0 r0 T) v7 t9 {: H
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
2 `* X3 c0 D* L1 i: y* U6 T. e5 \公仔箱論壇constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
& J! C" u2 I, d1 a. nheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# n4 S+ W- Z8 C# C) O4 W! S
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇0 e, J5 `8 \5 m' k( S5 q
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; n2 `, l+ T% [2 r+ l2 b& i公仔箱論壇Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* X: Q( |+ R9 f8 T
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
$ X2 b9 ]. G' Z& U9 JMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 公仔箱論壇8 h, D# t5 ~- A; [
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
- Z/ W- z2 _- Y' {6 YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 ?, F" q& i, d5 ?# L- Z
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇; D& n% \6 ~* P' x; \0 `) I( G
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. b& h& G! i+ k. [( STVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇" l% y8 A% h5 `) F6 f, C Y! e. a
Cananea Mine, Mexico公仔箱論壇1 R7 y5 w8 j# Y5 i8 X" Z
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! K/ m6 r) G! E& Q8 p) A( ]
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
. S1 P$ G$ E5 L2 j& @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
- g' _5 K& B$ _" H! s7 |5.39.217.76The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
( V# _' Y9 E; ithe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
' e6 _; c; _3 h3 i7 i# Ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 m8 G h; N1 N1 ]1 l+ _
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
$ n2 b v# L- i: C8 }+ JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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' k) F0 c3 E0 K9 F7 O( k0 h$ [Phosphate Mines, Jordan
% \9 N' B. z% d6 g3 O2 X6 O公仔箱論壇Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 R9 y2 [/ i8 M% r, I7 ^: ?- w
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
& O7 a q* {6 h0 ], Ifear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
7 |; l6 M% G$ B5.39.217.76point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
6 Z, _% R) h6 N' t% r5.39.217.76This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 5.39.217.76/ L6 M: R4 p1 J8 @ b
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& g. l; [; S$ y6 d
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
; `0 c6 s2 w; z1 b' d9 otvb now,tvbnow,bttvblower part of the image that appears striped.
# a( q3 u. B+ ~" w- ?7 OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" F: W3 R; w4 h; e$ J
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0 b4 [9 Z- |3 G' l W3 ~1 M6 c公仔箱論壇New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
2 v! U! [" L. l2 |5.39.217.76Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
) h# o3 S/ G$ t: X$ I: r% x- R5.39.217.76above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇) k0 u: L+ |: {
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
% S6 @, x8 j1 A+ w/ j5.39.217.76the metal was extracted.$ C9 i7 t4 q) P' u7 h) S
5 \4 E, f9 R. @' G) T公仔箱論壇
" Z' s! H+ t# n3 t* D2 U0 C& @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
) R8 q/ N! |- U2 k5.39.217.76Hambach Coal Mines, Germany- n# m' F% y! r' q& s" v) H8 s
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 S8 Y9 T, G k# A# `9 x
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
4 d, Z: s" u/ K1 C. Y# T: his twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
* r. F8 l2 y' x6 xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 7 M& f% @% n* b" ?
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 w7 i! d3 e/ E* \4 [) w/ R5 y0 ?
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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