本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 m, a3 [( b7 `
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 3 o/ ~2 z2 a4 P# f/ }4 F
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇+ f) J6 t5 n! X" D" L) L- y' u
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
- H4 s3 a2 y' o8 A0 \) gWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
: a! j0 P' m% `4 ^9 \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbastronauts and satellites on the following pages.
' S/ I$ a( `- _/ m3 U* xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ M( \4 A+ C" E; _
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana5.39.217.76$ k8 n. @2 E N; A0 S- j
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, O8 J; P6 ?, A- C, v! h, ?- k( v
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 3 i! q8 f) `! w# E! F
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled- D7 k& R* z4 a6 ?
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 公仔箱論壇1 S" a. I1 p: V1 E
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. \/ P0 ~8 B8 K: C) D8 E7 D7 ]
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
: u4 K% k" k0 [& I0 Icontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
8 T- E+ B5 S1 m5 k8 d公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.公仔箱論壇! t; h, C- I: O
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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Escondida Mine, Chile
/ P% ~ T' U5 t0 h7 ? [2 u7 cThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces " {+ T H1 q2 C# ]
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
4 w0 }4 X+ g1 R+ \& K1 b, pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.$ ^) V; } Y. q5 l& x1 C8 b
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
P+ S. f( k+ s( W3 J9 E9 d; btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
5 L% s1 u% {) {! }) s; x$ btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# o2 N( T& O% Y3 G$ h
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# C9 P' z* n& |2 v公仔箱論壇Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
8 ~ f3 {: X6 yLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 F8 E1 K! d: C& N0 J# ^& o
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 5.39.217.768 O' [& k" y6 @" P
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 5.39.217.76% I; s6 D' q: x# M
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
' u- P; R/ L8 f( t/ g6 W5.39.217.76inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 公仔箱論壇* W1 d! i! F3 z& W
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
0 m9 V& k5 d$ ^. Z" y/ B: PThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. R# [7 Q/ U9 O. H/ _; ~4 _
camera and an 800mm lens.; b, K: `+ m& _5 B
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* s# b5 x5 u9 @* z' M! A
Yuba River Goldfields, California.5.39.217.763 d% p* p5 }0 \+ ]# ~' f' T
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, / C$ r* I/ u8 [) T8 \2 d% u" x
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd % e6 E/ F" ~( C
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.公仔箱論壇2 w# E0 C; z8 U3 X
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
8 t7 m- y& s$ omining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
$ ~- X- g: y- B* j8 F% jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 5.39.217.76: w2 T. S* G, g$ G
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.5.39.217.762 A& l: Q" D0 J# s4 e. a* ~
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 公仔箱論壇4 E; W% o/ c4 u9 S# A
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
8 [* [; k0 R" i* j$ K/ c/ j1 j公仔箱論壇gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
/ D% w% \& P# \6 r$ ^公仔箱論壇This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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' w: ^# {! L8 f4 s公仔箱論壇Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru公仔箱論壇- D4 T q! E( v8 B% Y
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
; N1 Y. ^- ~& g5.39.217.76The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 V0 l* F( }4 j& @6 z9 w
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
" m4 c& ]0 q' ^3 v3 lheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
) V5 V. O! Z" n7 ~8 _& sTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia1 c2 G" F/ E; O m K6 c! |( m
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 5.39.217.76 F. h$ Q: J0 F- K: w: \2 T7 N
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
1 |. m1 F9 e \2 W- G: j [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! a) ]1 @0 {8 |5 h c/ M6 E& J4 I( x
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
8 }+ m5 P& D1 I6 r& m9 O# v U- X. G" G RThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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( I0 d. _6 Y7 w$ ]Cananea Mine, Mexico
3 F- O8 m9 [* r8 X$ XThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
: n4 }! R, r+ ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains % u9 d+ i( S: t
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! h' j3 U" V2 S3 A2 @- @3 z8 I
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
% M8 L. m& q; mthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
}( m% B; c# d2 e2 k* B4 Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& _4 e! }0 Q- G* [
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
2 L6 L' s" Z! Y x+ U3 s5.39.217.76This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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& d }8 u" |$ h9 ~- A9 B/ u$ cPhosphate Mines, Jordan
; v4 ?0 U$ T( Z# \3 oTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
9 p" m+ A* J& f0 z3 q! l3 gpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
6 |& W4 |$ |3 ?- d( c4 Nfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 5.39.217.76" o" F! S) g+ B2 ~1 W6 s
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
7 x' H) y( l2 V& i8 s: ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% M7 |& {% n. T8 k9 d
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
& S' T/ O+ D# I$ q9 }0 ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
9 ~: F3 ^9 @$ v: f: plower part of the image that appears striped.
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& g( G+ d: t& n, l/ s9 bNew Cornelia Mine, Arizona5.39.217.763 ~7 e; G! G& i+ {4 P+ r
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 5.39.217.76- z$ Z6 e! E G
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇 x* Y: w U( D/ R3 V
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
4 H+ b7 A5 d' Dthe metal was extracted.公仔箱論壇* G; ], C7 C1 h
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
. j& l# U* s/ yThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
( I( N9 M) a* k2 R2 Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! @3 D8 ?- [ E
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
: Y3 g( D: Z1 f3 EThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
0 d4 j* v: S9 M7 l( r7 T. Q+ ~# ~5.39.217.76Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
+ T3 \: Y6 ?! |: I+ f: ^公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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