本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 G }6 {$ ^2 l1 [- c2 T
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. X# j4 c4 B. V# A" @- @) X% m0 ^
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
3 K. R0 B3 E7 i3 T, i D6 utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
, u$ a: B( g, U" f' _4 Y2 tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
7 y8 Q3 Q) g! \# ^; ]* HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
2 \2 b4 p" d! T+ n; S5 e/ wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb K4 S+ E" A; i* V5 _- X2 L7 U6 F! X
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
, ^% C: x8 t- Y: w5.39.217.76Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
: A2 u& G+ f& E9 z7 |# _0 O) u8 pwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
( K) K7 H8 [4 x( L' N/ V0 \/ e公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
$ y( Y# Q4 M4 q8 w( Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 公仔箱論壇9 F" d& n: ?" s5 D7 s% d
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 5.39.217.76, ?' K8 n! v3 i& E0 F
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.公仔箱論壇8 ]0 ~6 y* O* n5 c8 ^, {5 S# v
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
; Q! [: b# w( L9 [! A: V3 a) e公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 O5 K& k8 w7 M
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% L! q1 P0 @! T0 u7 H. X4 R8 I+ XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Escondida Mine, Chile
9 t5 Y7 j H; XThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
+ F1 Z! q* v) _: s0 R0 Q8 d+ q9 ^5.39.217.76more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 5.39.217.76' H" Q& n5 T% e* s( h4 q
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ {5 U% ^% q: l9 y5 k6 |5 S
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 公仔箱論壇 {0 o9 Q3 ~/ V
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.公仔箱論壇" V7 b4 A5 i; Z' Y
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2 o7 w) R$ X3 o9 HBingham Canyon Mine, Utah公仔箱論壇- Q8 [9 r0 [8 O% H, i3 _
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 W0 L+ ?0 H: H) Q4 L2 T7 B
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 % M8 P6 ]3 ]2 V- K
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
6 L$ V0 R+ r; Q: j1 K9 X aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
% G! S' [4 ?5 {) S K9 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 I7 L7 B& G3 h$ K# x
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.5.39.217.76. ?% U# y8 Y m% N, M- Q
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
" ~; L; Z' O7 ~4 o9 \% Jcamera and an 800mm lens.
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.
( I. w) B4 I5 q5 o0 o公仔箱論壇The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 5.39.217.76. x! O7 t: W8 i. K P: T
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
' i% a' i5 L0 H6 W% l" {7 b* l5.39.217.76landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
# ~! X9 t0 X; o5 a; h8 j8 ]TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
0 v: P8 s. K' J+ S8 U: X公仔箱論壇mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
* D8 L! p/ |8 [7 Lwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 5.39.217.76) u% F5 x7 n0 r8 ?
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms. b6 G$ h* T# V, c' s) _
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to , N! F4 e9 r$ w& V. [% f, |
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
6 x9 N' P, {6 e0 Q ]9 H; }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( z5 j. T% _9 W0 ^
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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2 {7 |, m/ Y/ x! l% X' y7 hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
7 i u4 y7 R- b! R' F1 l5.39.217.76Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru5.39.217.763 m( i( `1 W& l( m# \& ~ V
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. ' q z; N9 O/ Y3 H; z y
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
$ T7 c" x' V/ {7 J3 i$ ~; L1 U& k, b5.39.217.76constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
) l3 k' k5 X7 [9 E% ^& ]! b公仔箱論壇heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space ( l* U7 ^; L. G3 U9 }8 t9 e
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 B8 f; x) w% e# ~- X
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3 ~5 }+ D2 y3 ?9 T, K/ p# D& lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' R [' m* I) O2 C$ X0 w
Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; X% f1 ]! \: c2 x! M! i2 {: Z
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 5.39.217.76* @0 t4 k$ a- q ?2 n
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
% u% G t& R9 A; Q: w' Ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
9 p( C# |8 x4 h# w vextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.公仔箱論壇- K, V! k9 y% q
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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0 z$ a7 {8 z k* W公仔箱論壇Cananea Mine, MexicoTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 \9 E) Q- i/ \. l; o
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# V! F! q6 ^. c
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
: L2 i0 y Q5 t3 ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
. N# K, P S& |% Q& a公仔箱論壇The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering % G& B$ }' h& L, U
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
4 Q' M% a9 y7 {- m3 \* w* nA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 z2 o* M7 L" _% [, u: W# q
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
$ ~+ o$ [8 x" x! h) X4 ]; wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.公仔箱論壇0 P. v6 s+ e3 `/ j, z' M% S
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|5 ~: j* f# N/ ]TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ @9 ^1 L3 I/ \4 L l
Phosphate Mines, Jordan5.39.217.76% B# H* `* s- G
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ N. c$ E9 b, F: F
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
4 x+ F$ c0 G$ ?2 B, ~( U' [2 }fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 B8 J. T( F/ r+ S1 }2 E& w
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.5.39.217.763 h5 `- }7 R6 s. F5 H( x
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra - Q! o4 I h9 T5 T4 j
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is * I. s7 ~% E' [5 E+ Q
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
% {5 k$ ]/ b/ Z/ `lower part of the image that appears striped.
- M. _9 a2 @2 \6 b0 I; m' M Ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5.39.217.76+ x; w; D- q/ u; s% d, k5 `/ Z
 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 j8 S" C) b, L
5 q6 q9 X6 m9 N; M# ~' t9 u5 E( k公仔箱論壇New Cornelia Mine, Arizona: j2 E8 T9 n. [/ J* f
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
* [' U2 W4 `# ^+ M Uabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇4 j5 |8 u, q2 c9 {) l4 i9 I% |
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
2 T! y1 c4 S: O6 F6 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; {+ a0 c. D, `
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% d! u4 x0 b! v. a$ b8 K2 z) otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHambach Coal Mines, Germany
5 l4 [( d" E( B9 u r; r) ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
4 b1 d1 e D7 n: F, {; T8 BOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator - x; z' f* P3 G/ m ?. I
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.8 i" u& F$ l3 G: t+ m5 b# K/ f5 `
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
^: o$ o5 h8 H2 @& e5.39.217.76Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
, e. m9 N8 T' M公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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