本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
, K$ m) a$ z3 \公仔箱論壇
5 `/ f( o* ~- }9 e公仔箱論壇
/ g( g5 }/ f' H/ b/ C3 T公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, d: K/ I; b3 m5 M
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
8 ?+ @" G! t. b8 D2 A4 |of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 5.39.217.766 z- t) i1 W- } [- V& T
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
. H# ? t; d* F u/ h, Z' t: j3 fWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 K2 N9 h. U1 u
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
' n8 ?1 s! o0 e x( C8 v5.39.217.76+ h9 s4 G: b3 H9 x% l4 o' C
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
) b; P' \! K$ o& x, L e, s( rTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
F& `3 |/ a* L5 W) a2 m公仔箱論壇An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
: ~) `$ h' c6 z5 KToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
9 c9 w& W& a2 m" k+ GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
1 e' G. N1 {8 `+ H( R/ }6 x公仔箱論壇water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.5.39.217.767 [9 o1 ^( G$ O6 d. z* ~' q
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 @. S$ ^4 _3 u( ~5 l9 C$ P
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
' I2 G$ C% D* X% b, pwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.% K# M$ O- t/ o/ v- S
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.5.39.217.761 T- j' X8 X$ E- s9 t' t) w
4 g7 o" A0 w' ~ e# F5 Z# utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5.39.217.76- _1 m/ x8 w7 E& i& B3 b+ F
+ p) f: L6 B6 b% L* j. oEscondida Mine, ChileTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 Q* |( x' x% B4 v) f
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 x+ z( a* r: }9 U+ _
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 a, M- s6 }* q/ h: z6 k- f: f6 _2 B
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 |0 P$ m% z3 j
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ! K7 P# M x+ r: U! m! J+ J
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
( m$ l8 ]3 S. _% N4 \5 P. ? v% Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
2 v0 W; w+ u$ R. [ tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb R+ z/ Q/ |2 W8 Z# \- P
s& e ~' _4 e" b% O0 x& `tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah5.39.217.76/ r0 O4 y1 y( w* r' Q; q0 o+ E
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
( a6 ~5 c# W* w! Wmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
2 e2 n4 ]: T- ^7 T8 ]公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
9 w( L* g/ H0 D$ l, c; [3 ]" ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
' t9 t4 l- A! s4 m, s- T公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
[# C0 i' g1 s( S. W5.39.217.76feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.公仔箱論壇, o1 O. ~8 B4 h9 X' T; M
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
* E, g5 X; w, O2 @( E! MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。camera and an 800mm lens.5.39.217.76. u" p- Q5 ^9 ]- q" F, w
2 Q( W4 v! Q( Y/ E" ~! O公仔箱論壇 5.39.217.76' M9 Z% k0 t; k) Y9 S9 d
6 k: d ~$ \. W0 \ ^
Yuba River Goldfields, California., t# K. ]' ~% U$ z1 u
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, _ {. R/ W- _% x$ M0 M' ]
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. q; }& G6 ~- S t. n) K6 w, \
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- d; k" u0 v& ^. ~! Z$ \# ]
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
5 {, X. D, y$ O5 B$ Ymining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
+ d- q/ t9 v+ t# a' A* ?which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& E) u" P1 P! x& v+ k7 k3 _* T2 [
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.5.39.217.766 i- x$ D! `/ h% P+ X* ~' S
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 公仔箱論壇( q, _# J5 M% Y( j0 ]: H
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
7 f7 }# I* h$ @6 I! Hgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.( k# J8 L0 S3 L0 Q. ]# |6 r
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
8 a5 l1 m. A% J' jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.766 h2 J3 s; c- G) K
 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb a9 D2 P) e. h) c
( h4 T1 w _0 p2 e5 P
Toquepala Copper Mine, Perutvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, x! Y8 a" ^5 r4 T
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. , O) A9 h E2 Z9 D5 r; w
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 公仔箱論壇$ g6 N2 b) z! b5 p* E$ a! i
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
0 D, M' ?, o3 w8 l1 {8 U! \7 Aheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
! g0 |$ t) J$ l2 C4 x公仔箱論壇Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇" _9 `1 @; I& K6 ]
- W1 |4 z+ h9 O5.39.217.76 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 U9 f( f, a* P" f1 s
1 ^" O6 U! a) D U; q# `
Freeport Mine, Indonesia公仔箱論壇1 o! _& G; h, O* n
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 o) V6 k# j* `' l, [: f/ y
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
: {$ n9 C7 t) ]' b7 x- z/ Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, x$ B$ D/ u- _# s- f
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.9 H/ f7 d" K/ h1 q$ ?
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.6 E0 O3 m& D9 L! B& F
3 {2 g; ?9 z6 [0 @% e* [# fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
* ~: s" b9 {+ H
2 q& [7 F+ w* z( |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Cananea Mine, Mexico
' b' [1 J. U3 K, @: L; FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
0 R# S8 J% J8 f$ _8 G3 v5.39.217.76Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
! L: O, c$ q' m, C( u; [TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
8 H; s: X3 B1 b, u7 `$ g) X4 btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
% n7 S1 C$ i' Othe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
6 @% u/ T$ q; |% q6 [1 K m# c5.39.217.76A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
0 M& r/ \0 o% TMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.6 r- C) Q L+ N7 \, J! A: x
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
9 V5 i! P3 C# Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
; D5 r' g( }# x; D 4 F6 w# o1 [2 _
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" Y. d6 X6 |+ ^" L l
Phosphate Mines, Jordan5.39.217.76$ f5 B6 `) j6 R4 _! t1 O) M
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
0 Y, t! @) W; T, G1 x- Spercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
* Q" z! }4 W1 I5 C% n. e5.39.217.76fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the - |( U1 C3 F5 N0 m
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& i: b2 p8 |* j7 }
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) }" ~# i C. p2 f' s' s. H
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
! F; U* d8 R1 K: x' u公仔箱論壇blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' \5 N& ?+ d% D- f3 G
lower part of the image that appears striped.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* k+ `* Y5 T. X
- o! N% W7 w; l' w) ?
7 C; t w& M6 v* M- G) I5 X5.39.217.76' a( l+ N) y0 W: Q- H; X6 o5 I: \
New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
( x! r" h8 e( M* }1 w% S% O+ H3 c公仔箱論壇Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
9 ^6 h* m8 W! m( y. t! j, a2 E& r7 Eabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
& N: C$ A" ]6 g8 f& W. r# A5 Y) Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 q8 H, [) d6 Z1 Z* z: V
the metal was extracted.公仔箱論壇- [, y* L; t2 z- @
( X. e+ o- U$ Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
( t2 f: [7 B7 ]- V7 v公仔箱論壇5.39.217.762 y5 T' `! ~5 w
Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
1 U8 n. m! _9 ?; T4 Q' Q3 a" Z4 Q4 wThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 公仔箱論壇6 P$ Z) K4 z% R- Q
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator - T. a+ z9 M3 G3 I5 D, R/ I5 W; w. r
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.公仔箱論壇4 _7 Z6 X- x! ?
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
5 }2 r- g* H% F MAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are 4 k- ?! x2 X7 a
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
|
發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
| 
