本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 5.39.217.76& y5 T v/ h, \: f3 m* @: \3 d
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3 [3 y* g% m1 b+ _3 l- C3 o% B! gPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
: z% B, M4 d* t/ L( E! M公仔箱論壇of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
& o& u5 A K. M6 Vdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 D! g8 L1 ~/ b+ X/ n3 T% R' R& B
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 公仔箱論壇0 J! q# L6 ~5 J( V, C
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 u/ D3 t& R! r; y9 W+ V C
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇" M5 M( i. H: b
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ p( U, K- V( a! T7 ^) q" {/ k
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
1 L3 C, O" e5 Q3 h& k7 _9 dToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
% G( R) Q3 k" Z% \) T( E% ]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
& i, Y7 O+ U2 @7 h; ]/ g5.39.217.76water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
# h Q$ Q$ V4 g4 L+ z5.39.217.76Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
+ D* n/ m9 c4 V" V3 Z5.39.217.76contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
2 S8 y- w: F9 A9 P: V) o5.39.217.76with gift shop and$2 admission fee.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) Z/ X; D/ J, |1 r- O \4 T+ D$ t
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇& g7 T+ C8 y* x5 L" d
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Escondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 f3 m+ d: v( N( P
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 公仔箱論壇) a' S% F( t! P t. b! }, p
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 5 u- ?" a9 K6 h/ y: f
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
! }, ~- G% M1 a1 G! Y4 Y; q' |This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 6 o% [6 U$ L. n
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 @4 u7 g3 B5 `( l; L' V
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
, U9 F2 |) w8 z# {2 L! g公仔箱論壇Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
1 `3 z% O) f1 \: }4 U, Qmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
$ M2 j. i+ q' }公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- z; J- q! J/ M% l2 R
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
1 C7 W2 G# n% W, A9 wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
( q2 X( E- H H公仔箱論壇feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.; R V6 v$ s% I5 O
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ b( W# a( ?+ q. P, S6 {. ~* ]
camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇$ {0 S8 j/ ^: `. l
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% h5 S- E+ ^1 n& z) B8 ?1 I
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 J9 b" Q5 ]4 y
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd 公仔箱論壇) x0 X8 `9 Y2 H9 [5 d9 ^
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
5 L2 [4 r' z7 y' h* v! _9 _Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 9 @7 Q8 X$ N9 g
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
; z2 @2 l( c5 _ Y$ r* T! E公仔箱論壇which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 p; d# \- v6 q0 _( A& s
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.5.39.217.76. _8 J2 y$ Z1 D1 v
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
o: Y Y; L! Z* Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 公仔箱論壇. d# D$ i3 t5 V) o5 ~$ Q
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; ]- C9 Z" F5 ?& B# K l
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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$ E" o& f' K. m9 aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru公仔箱論壇0 m9 r' S/ |$ ^4 A& d5 p
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
6 N6 v. \/ y6 a+ f$ r+ a7 }& fTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 5.39.217.76) a* \+ s: R' |: c/ u
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) l( Y- D& j d( B4 u. N4 W* G
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: X+ S8 B7 Y- u' y, Y
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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# F4 S( F2 _- O5.39.217.76 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 B6 m3 v; y+ e# l8 b; t% h
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Freeport Mine, Indonesiatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ m' k9 M9 e: h7 b( v5 R# E9 `$ T
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 B. \5 t2 R; |" m' P
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 公仔箱論壇" J( S4 z J. I, @: i
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is , [$ F1 Q) A3 l* b$ ^; X, S
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
' r1 K1 e: W6 @& g$ l8 _公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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Cananea Mine, Mexico
; n" [( B2 }$ ^2 f. @; ~The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada & \. Y, P' }2 C% s% [4 h
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
. f( X* L& {6 c4 U6 g/ g g- vgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
1 S7 n, O& \& ]- i6 f% \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
/ W! k1 `; m, U公仔箱論壇the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.公仔箱論壇$ y5 i! r5 B3 K- @
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the ' n9 K( Z" C4 X) Z0 g
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007., E* R9 Y. E- r( z' G" c
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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) a% a1 j( j7 m, y% @! k8 JPhosphate Mines, Jordan
- a2 U+ b8 V7 ]* e7 KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 E5 w! j5 _2 u s! {4 n
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
: |0 w6 c' X$ q公仔箱論壇fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
3 d, Y. X) F; e8 s' N, ~公仔箱論壇point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.公仔箱論壇8 n* g& J8 c% o3 @
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
, Y" A# t5 k0 p# P* W2 \. G" wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is ) v) J# ?& [- N( @0 Q
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
M. ?3 C$ U# w* }3 E5.39.217.76lower part of the image that appears striped.
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New Cornelia Mine, ArizonaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 v$ A. Y' S; ~2 F: Q( r% l
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 公仔箱論壇) H* c: G6 t# Z" p3 s b
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇& V' W2 `; l! c3 a
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; k' E+ N$ ~4 t* N4 ]/ X! E8 W% X ]
the metal was extracted.
0 {5 k( b& q1 xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany# J" t9 W: [6 r8 R2 O1 o; v, X1 O
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 公仔箱論壇- n* v6 _) q3 m- a5 Y- V- f
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
% i( \4 P+ }- e$ S3 M& _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.* n8 \7 s1 j: D m3 z
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
- B. U9 f: ~$ j9 L5 S0 DAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are 公仔箱論壇8 q& e6 a- g2 Z; \
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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