本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 8 Q* e% d) x6 O$ r
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' y$ T! z7 x) x- A' l) \5 `
 5.39.217.76, Q9 r# {6 }) h; G3 j3 Z& A; |
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ j, \% w4 |/ P% r O; g( P
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
- U( z9 |- S9 b* g% [7 r- uof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇! [3 {$ v- C: g/ T: ^% t8 X- ~5 F3 r
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇+ o; d1 E8 _/ m
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
6 i# o4 T' h/ V2 J( X8 K5.39.217.76astronauts and satellites on the following pages.: i# B t. H9 ]9 a! X) z+ K
5.39.217.761 C) J9 q0 b; Y( `. F
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 h) A- p- F( @" f9 d
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
1 C; g( Z( g6 a, x6 _% _+ `' S5.39.217.76An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 s; ~6 y+ a4 m1 ^) `* x! ]
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
2 |/ w* R) u' F) O" z& `with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& P8 T' Y, E8 c' [
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
# L+ _1 J8 t% S6 f1 h4 otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
: i" C2 K$ T* x% I公仔箱論壇contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 5.39.217.76# P- c/ [4 c+ W; o$ T/ E8 V
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
) j9 |7 e1 {" {4 g3 b/ ]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station., _& u& p, l' d1 T! ] u" l
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 J1 ]; a( T, d: J7 b% Y A
 5.39.217.76( ^6 I( z4 V6 m5 @
/ F+ t/ J( V7 d- H/ x+ P! j% t. e2 tEscondida Mine, Chile
) }) {3 v: r9 S! @5 Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 5.39.217.76$ Z; l) S1 }9 G& m- k
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 9 x" V1 V% f3 |3 v$ m" u( C; p
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
' r, J6 f, v6 v/ u, Q! H公仔箱論壇This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
/ J2 g# y4 k; K |; Caboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
; C$ n+ A3 F+ V1 [; z g7 z5 Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
# N1 C0 i6 J6 t% P5 Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5 U% T$ E. u5 X) {- Z2 ^
5.39.217.76$ O5 \; }- {; Q$ s, b
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
. B8 t! h- m" p- e+ I5.39.217.76Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
* `7 h4 N3 x3 p9 {6 Hmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 公仔箱論壇' J. I9 z3 O9 [, r3 l$ M& W
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
, m( A1 F. N2 v5 O1 Y5 x% |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
) f4 Y3 Z8 }) r: o公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
* @- \7 k" o- a/ F4 z5.39.217.76feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
7 w/ v& B4 n5 Z% K; rThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
; q0 E M' q6 y; h" ~ ?! v4 H* F2 eTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。camera and an 800mm lens.$ {7 Z5 v3 M4 j+ K9 k; ]0 H
' w8 {) z3 p$ w4 s; B, t
 公仔箱論壇4 k" L- }) r& l) t/ b' L. x* r
公仔箱論壇% P/ w! M4 g% e% |; K2 a9 |
Yuba River Goldfields, California.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 N8 G" V% a% U/ T/ X" U" Q# f1 O
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 公仔箱論壇. I s1 \" ~( D5 K5 Q
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
* f; r$ ?: @" ~- u2 u8 oTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
# {0 B3 i& b+ S3 s1 T* ^" }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
( F0 c9 D, {5 jmining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 5.39.217.76; R. G; h! p" @
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 公仔箱論壇4 V. A) R0 R' W( n: H& e W
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 V7 a& J4 p; J5 ?/ V E1 E
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
& Y1 r" b0 G5 Q Q6 S8 ^( m& @extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 公仔箱論壇, w7 L+ z5 ~; F9 ^4 \
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
( h* @- V0 _9 N' m: @8 A9 hThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
. @2 `3 c" B8 `. r4 Z9 H1 ~公仔箱論壇
4 n/ G+ P( Z% S8 r/ f' \7 M1 e. h
' t+ h9 L8 o8 l- O
" f) y$ u6 o7 |& h7 W( W" k. `公仔箱論壇Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
; Q2 G( `3 |% U K- Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 5.39.217.76$ v9 c3 J, T% M2 x" Y$ i* e# l! B
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
1 m# u" b* ]0 f# a5.39.217.76constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, & k% q2 u' K3 Q$ P! F* V6 |( X
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
7 e2 K. F \9 J6 k( [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbStation on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇, _9 r8 r _- ?& H1 L
% f! |- k" P' c/ G
 5 j5 c2 p C* x i' O% \
2 w3 E1 e8 |$ b7 j# C- SFreeport Mine, IndonesiaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( K1 l- [. j' z/ r o) J
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 5.39.217.769 z2 D) r |! A% [4 g6 x) r1 q2 P- f
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ x5 f6 j! z, T* |, P! x+ Z U1 [
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is 5.39.217.769 l% p T& J, U, a- _; G5 {% [* @
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.% Y+ V' G3 K: J. _9 H
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.5.39.217.769 v- J0 Q! h0 ~$ W1 D# I) g
5.39.217.76; U {/ S; F2 {9 [3 @
* ]/ R6 I. ^/ m* X- k, \* a
' y8 x4 L r! ]) u' B6 d5 [/ d8 OCananea Mine, Mexico公仔箱論壇 m* X+ |2 i( Z
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ p9 u/ E" ]" R! H2 k
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ l: p: X* L, ?* ?: U! q6 j/ q
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
; u( j3 l9 Y! B& v( i1 CThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering , D+ V( x* [1 I
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.5.39.217.762 h/ W! t1 E8 C$ h
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
# \: v8 h% ]) L9 ]5 A( X; }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.5.39.217.76 K# {) Q( f, G0 a
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.6 p7 A; C3 k' z! g& Y
( Q* C1 N, a: T+ h& t% s
7 M& X# Z3 Z% lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇0 _ d1 @6 c: |* ]
Phosphate Mines, JordanTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& ~* n2 q! K) |1 t+ F1 o% R" C
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
. M# f" N F, \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists ! L5 l1 a, F5 C" v& a/ X) H
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
# l; H z, j, T& K( G" b公仔箱論壇point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
' J9 z" v5 s7 R, R- N' c$ gThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
9 ?; \$ D. G; b: ?+ ysatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is & B, }$ d& c ?. ?" K& Q
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 公仔箱論壇. B. }/ S( b7 Q8 N
lower part of the image that appears striped.
: O3 h) s, [& O$ A
9 h& V- A( ^' k) _* w) W& J; `
) H/ l8 ^0 B9 K; Y3 Q* a6 [+ [) k8 Y
. I7 j3 c: e; T5.39.217.76New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
% }6 g( x" L$ K% lCopper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
" Q$ b5 B+ m0 `7 Jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 公仔箱論壇1 t; j# y2 H7 @; P
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
1 P4 {8 n+ w- I& \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the metal was extracted.
% G; }+ u. Z1 l2 a' q, G% Q- Z' o9 O- {! x2 `$ G' A) H
 / d, u# V' w6 D7 G5 p A
. v2 ~- T& |, o( f0 @( R9 Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHambach Coal Mines, Germany
! }2 s$ F# ~ r$ d; H3 r& F2 ?公仔箱論壇The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. ' t" V. a s* C9 k; C- k
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
" D- Z. E' L/ C5 J+ H0 q* t+ Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
, E5 {# r, Q. O公仔箱論壇This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
+ E, [. h+ X/ Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are ) X- F' ^) @! v7 z4 I) }
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
|
發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
| 
