本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) I- s5 O- G, H
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 B8 r) K# }# _) n) U" l
5 y' G, z. t2 l: N/ P公仔箱論壇
( p! G! r; O3 ~2 c7 e+ y. KPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
& G# R. _6 \* N! n* Eof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
% w; I7 \( p2 y* K) t' O; f: @公仔箱論壇deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.5.39.217.76& }( V9 U$ m* P0 ?/ u
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 公仔箱論壇! S8 M7 K# ~1 O6 V* K
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
" Z' Q4 Z+ `7 F. P9 p# L a. p* Y g3 S5.39.217.76TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% j4 D1 a" d! R' K& J+ l
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana! h* w8 z8 {% F4 C5 v2 s
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
- q0 O* d5 S$ D# n- ?. Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
l# Z! p: @1 N* J8 Q; ^* D$ MToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
h# |+ `0 T, [. @0 z# |# swith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 5.39.217.76 C' D3 m% B0 H t% U
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
& y& @/ q% u! MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
( w6 g' ?" ?- f: T! Xcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
8 s m; ]( c& M1 h公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
1 R' y; S! F7 f4 ^0 y5 B' ~5 CThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.0 d+ Y, a& h0 S/ S$ g5 n
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* o G8 f \6 L- i5 F
Escondida Mine, Chile
6 r! {; s T" o, J3 h/ DThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
; z2 W& c) ?; m4 i( I3 T& ~more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" f- q8 \6 L5 M) d# ?
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
9 K8 I' O$ l7 l- F, T9 _* \# Y4 dThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
: a( f* d" I0 C, Y$ q6 j5.39.217.76aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
1 ~2 w- A4 u6 c# k& o5 v2 Z7 p! A5.39.217.760 I/ a' a3 X& f- |
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6 n' A( x. \6 O' K公仔箱論壇Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah* }& ^/ q7 F' C _. N
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
$ o5 l4 P) w8 e. _ ^3 B1 A% k公仔箱論壇more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 5.39.217.76) z5 H/ a, S# S$ E
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
* o/ W U0 i4 V$ e! l0 M5.39.217.76the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
" l0 ]4 u. `. c. @. [ y; i- hinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 5.39.217.76+ z5 @8 L O: H
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.5.39.217.768 b( g! o* C5 T( v- A
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
' K3 m4 u% {' h( Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcamera and an 800mm lens.5 {2 K7 J: ^/ r0 w4 |4 b: B4 a; Z
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 W2 _: p) g( @" k+ n6 x b
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 5.39.217.76( x0 P7 S( n: J/ x* _' l
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
! v( {! Q0 e- @3 o* G2 ?" c公仔箱論壇landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
0 w1 S. B% l( _+ C公仔箱論壇Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 公仔箱論壇+ Y+ l# Y# a( s a+ c$ ~
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
9 q. e2 E! E& H9 x1 o公仔箱論壇which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 公仔箱論壇& C5 n# c1 i _% D
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 o% Y4 _9 z) b$ _
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
' w$ n1 U5 \$ r* c7 m5.39.217.76extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
, ^& N0 {, M! E* n! j$ q5.39.217.76gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.5.39.217.76' _4 T! F' M# Q8 y/ w, ^
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru5.39.217.760 } Z' _ s1 S$ S" A
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. ' f. j% {# b8 J! j8 j8 i) j
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 g8 [8 M' U4 J+ w1 W0 Q+ @
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, 公仔箱論壇 J* H6 \+ Q0 a! G$ i! ~
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
0 J. C) a! u* ]/ Y9 R9 F8 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbStation on Sept. 22, 2003.# [' ?% [+ U8 t$ c
! ?8 ` [' \! ^7 p. w公仔箱論壇 TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 _- Q6 L+ t9 }' r" Q3 Z+ Y2 `
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia
6 ~$ H4 P1 A2 k% H( \6 b! P5.39.217.76The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman 1 N/ A7 ?! S. |- _ E
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
- ^( ?# F- F" ?% hthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
5 @4 H5 V2 x1 ^8 l) X0 k' p8 i" \/ X0 ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.公仔箱論壇3 s. q$ j1 W! d: k2 v. j7 g" F
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% m8 D0 ?" O# `4 r! o, W% G- k
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/ J5 p6 w' I7 }& B, G! xCananea Mine, Mexico
: n! g& ~, V6 DThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇7 h5 m# e; v# g. o5 w& _( s
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" G8 s& A" E7 x$ i
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
* D* }$ l4 F* U9 H, zThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering I# \1 ^- @) o8 v- j
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
! F8 v) ^0 f: Y6 y* _9 `tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
7 b. ]$ e! [( k0 MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.8 t, w9 V# P- a" o
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan( k1 k0 Y0 @) e* k+ o! U2 k1 ]
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
) o, Q' b9 p9 ]" s2 [( v$ d, v" y公仔箱論壇percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 f6 a3 A. R% v+ q
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
2 x1 y- ~8 U( b1 m8 H. YTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
. @; w5 r6 S' T. @' R3 W+ F, l! \; M* _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
7 W3 W# H' Z. C. Y) c+ Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 5.39.217.76# q! d1 R0 O( J- X" L) e- g5 t" U9 p
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% v) {# z2 B" s3 F' r* M; O" s
lower part of the image that appears striped.' p$ g- R* m: V! d* o8 @$ g' u( w
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$ i, b. J& Z' a2 d4 ~. ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。New Cornelia Mine, Arizonatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 C p) q& w* j# H
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
% N( p% C7 z0 X. ]. m' Q公仔箱論壇above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
2 j! y4 t7 X" j- F. Y5 X$ Q2 FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
9 c9 m2 Q8 f! k s$ j+ i+ W" i5.39.217.76the metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ h, k, J' K( w) W" z4 i
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 @; s6 ?. I- Q2 z
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( ~' P, S5 A8 ~; KHambach Coal Mines, Germanytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( r5 a3 j! D' \& I1 v; V
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. 5.39.217.76- `/ Q. m6 \& c- D5 g
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
2 J6 P# v8 o/ `is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, h z( ?- m0 v
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
: d" `8 B4 r. N; ~( G! S" k9 Y5.39.217.76Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
: h7 j0 E G" \/ @) @ Q3 Q5.39.217.76bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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