e( i2 ?9 b. h9 |5 W# Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- k& q& J5 ?& M2 Q  i. f! x& E
People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more 8 p6 D0 l% M$ @8 }
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( [* e7 @# v5 J! i! t6 L5 i
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
2 m5 }6 w3 J' n" U0 W0 g) YWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
) N# V. T2 ~* q3 t0 e; gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
$ S5 m& U* J) x1 Stvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
, d: I) B0 A" P! c; L0 k公仔箱論壇An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 6 f2 @+ \, B& y* e1 m
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
' R  L; J: \- W# D4 R+ x8 `5.39.217.76with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 3 T2 O' b8 g3 E  o
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
8 o. V* [$ m! o% ?7 l( Q# f7 PCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
0 h$ P1 O" J& W+ r" E5.39.217.76contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 s6 v4 n5 D$ r: B: o
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.5.39.217.761 Y# J0 Y3 ], U
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
3 z! |' b# ]8 N* ~" MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.760 A. \# c& O. p% T6 _9 q! \, P
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% \0 Z/ C* P* I$ U9 D
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Escondida Mine, Chile
+ {5 p: w5 X4 b) H0 _( W4 nThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 3 k% j6 J2 H: k8 ~  M$ P
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and ) r9 w+ ^3 L1 r* U9 E3 ^3 U
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.公仔箱論壇1 D# \# _8 Q; j9 w3 D7 {/ ^) h) W
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
. s$ y- R0 s. p8 m3 n: P公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.4 S3 W* S8 U6 Z$ y" o+ d
公仔箱論壇" n! I" \2 `; l% T4 u

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$ p, b  p" [, x, Y, j* ^; rTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah, @& G# H; M% L5 Z0 D* _, n* c
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
6 c' V5 |" U& ~6 Fmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
' S* f& z% K4 w  {/ o$ w* G$ Umiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
1 [, [' v* }2 k5.39.217.76the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
. }+ \+ T$ Q- Y3 j2 y/ Z3 qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
+ b- I+ j1 s0 S4 o+ p5 U, A) o3 ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
5 p, O0 n) a$ r1 o; oThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇* j) w: t5 f$ d
camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇' |# o5 v& @0 i" h

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3 d( @' a/ r4 @/ Z: k* l$ v; mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbYuba River Goldfields, California.
: b  b" E- A) utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
4 u$ T  [& r& W3 i; cdredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd " s" j4 C: q! a
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.4 ^* U0 }+ R- x# K" Z9 v9 O
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
; N" g4 l! q/ V  x' _公仔箱論壇mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
4 I. I3 Z( @2 Z! m- i9 jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
3 p( t6 K4 r! j, iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
: N; q7 A2 n% X9 |6 S  eTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 5.39.217.769 @( W: B, {( y+ d# O
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
! a8 ?! Z" u2 Z2 \* G& @' {gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.公仔箱論壇2 n8 w' H5 G, q3 Q% ~2 O
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! `, y. R! |6 M& h, `& s5 M  _

% c. p5 Y' y* w  \, LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru: [! Z7 o+ @1 B
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 ~0 Q+ `3 C) z
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
# {2 e1 V/ L6 Q0 L; {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, * \% v3 f; |+ E1 f; ~7 l" J
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 公仔箱論壇) p. ^# u+ B% ^/ m
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇  l( K$ _' u$ s1 Q9 _

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! H5 l% L/ r$ M4 _$ ZFreeport Mine, Indonesia
: s0 r0 f3 @4 e: B; d: @" V公仔箱論壇The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
9 g2 u4 M& s" U% f6 n" M公仔箱論壇Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
4 f! i- c0 G' j& ]the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
' e5 K) B$ s! j4 n公仔箱論壇extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.; L# w  P4 X5 C  g5 y7 }7 w6 X
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
$ B: Q. b1 J/ d4 q2 }! q( g+ z& u5.39.217.76! @$ W% n  s' u8 p2 q
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* V6 O! S" o& r) X

. Y2 B8 v4 j8 m' r, A' y" P5.39.217.76Cananea Mine, Mexico5.39.217.76: e& s* f0 u9 o/ ^' H7 ~
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
0 t: r1 h4 J1 T2 T( H/ Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains + V0 k, i% n! O' j
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 5.39.217.76+ z) O' T% [7 U3 o2 n+ a  }
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
% C8 @1 F0 H( r& b2 B, p* Q公仔箱論壇the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
' O' r: t3 N* p7 WA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the % K& ^; W0 {1 f( C( A
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇+ p, V, i8 }+ E% f$ I
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
$ ~' ~0 c$ ?9 S: v- Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇: W6 u  \& t3 A

. R* r4 k+ Y/ q1 _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
8 }! ^; s7 B" |: ?& o3 `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate Mines, JordanTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# O1 G& H% w5 r- t& w/ v, r" B
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 公仔箱論壇" P( F4 c& ?. l/ l' W2 c
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
/ ]- z! ?2 J  B; B0 V4 d5.39.217.76fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
. q& \) |" l% K. w- i4 o/ apoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
; O' P4 \, ]8 T; l" J% E2 ^) m+ u公仔箱論壇This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 R* y- J# J7 Q5 f" f* q4 Q
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
; U/ ~9 U  ^1 E  E7 Sblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
* j0 c8 |5 F  ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvblower part of the image that appears striped.
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, ~7 f) q- t( u/ M. `4 k7 p7 Z* ~5.39.217.76TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. K2 b2 ?7 R' W% }% z
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona4 W2 W+ z! `  I6 n6 U9 i* o! @' p
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
7 |. v! u8 \, i$ o6 Z# f2 D5.39.217.76above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped ) d+ S; g) F" S+ i. U9 ?
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
* m: ^9 f  C$ e# r/ L2 U: Nthe metal was extracted.
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3 D, Y/ V2 R0 N9 w- j5.39.217.765.39.217.76- k& f( V3 M, n. z: s
Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
; ^$ ?: E. O3 _. |* aThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 D, W8 C3 N* T) a+ W* b
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
# S3 T: y# i9 P& |5 p7 U5.39.217.76is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ ^7 T& v7 m  @# f0 E$ V
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
5 z% \' q# P$ o  ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are ; n2 f" Y/ Z7 k6 i* m
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.