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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 z/ l* Y' n6 {& Z/ G
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
$ o- ^0 p. a+ W- Q1 H- ?; ]2 }) d公仔箱論壇deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.3 X9 H4 e9 T8 W8 Z1 ^
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 5.39.217.76$ V/ B! e6 _' H2 N7 l' m- {& b
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
. A0 @5 p6 ~: q& e1 P; B7 J1 tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
; k6 M$ `4 }3 f7 [* AAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana# K" T* P! v/ Z; n# a, Z6 M
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 5.39.217.76: `: E: f- M: _- Y* r0 N( i
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
: J+ K8 i& J$ _9 u. _/ {+ X7 kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 N& _  g0 v8 s: M( g1 h3 ?
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
! o. L0 e6 i' T/ j3 l/ ^: dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwater can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
6 y0 L5 @/ n* H5.39.217.76Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to 5.39.217.767 `$ t% K' {. G5 Q+ i
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 l; A2 X8 u1 ^( h. ?5 E8 i+ ?
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
& _' t9 }) W9 w7 T7 y公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
  z* _3 g+ z3 d( Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇  o5 r, }; r# X8 {4 H6 x( R$ x

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% a  j. A: K+ \: ]5.39.217.76Escondida Mine, Chile
$ T& {  v+ G2 t+ q& c公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
4 e4 ]0 F, c( C5.39.217.76more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
3 {/ s5 [7 w- h6 H6 sTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
% K0 ]+ }" S" `" C2 ]. Z8 _8 lThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 公仔箱論壇8 X, W2 X- h+ a
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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4 }! U# g+ G# g9 ^1 O2 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah
1 @7 C) d7 {# k/ M4 F9 Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, t' u5 d0 |6 b! ?" k1 M
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 1 d1 E8 b8 O/ a3 R8 q7 q" e
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
$ [7 {. V" J6 y. ^) e0 j5.39.217.76the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
1 I: ~7 A, `1 ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 4 o8 l" B& n" W+ \; o! S9 b
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
/ k8 m5 |9 w) b- x& I' l& H2 q5.39.217.76This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
1 f& h8 `+ a- H4 u6 g" n7 t) K6 Gcamera and an 800mm lens.  m2 O$ J; S5 a  k- E

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" d: t6 S7 I# r% G2 Y$ h; CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Yuba River Goldfields, California.
. ]- B- ^2 K9 \The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
: ]& X8 W1 A/ ^3 \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
$ z: i' \' A) l! vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvblandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.5.39.217.76/ p9 q5 ]5 K8 r9 j
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 5.39.217.764 R2 W( T5 L- h! ?$ U$ O
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 5.39.217.76" H0 T  N8 y0 Y2 a# X$ ?' S
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 5.39.217.76) @& }* F/ E2 O& S2 ]% C
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.% {5 m- _1 }3 S8 @2 P
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 5.39.217.766 I: A  I# R( q
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
/ X) H6 H8 a0 z7 |, kgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
- {- a8 x( m7 L' i6 b1 wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 Z) Q: b% H4 o8 j7 M7 X

0 R- O, y# e' w# e* e7 w& m0 H8 P公仔箱論壇
  e- D' l( F9 VTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
2 w7 S- }  `1 T% D! |5 P! Ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, Peru5.39.217.76  `% L( f  d# g( ^
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
& }+ c% ^4 K: N, eTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
" N. m# ?0 o. L# g* I/ LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
: D' i3 C7 h- r6 _( X7 Q7 @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 5.39.217.761 |. D4 r, O/ p6 m+ p. Y$ r
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 o9 D! S" Z, I' l* |- B0 o& w- t
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* w6 j* W+ V5 m$ Z0 j+ B

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# i5 R( e+ q; w8 F3 j  f0 vFreeport Mine, Indonesia
" M7 ]. H8 @- D9 U! `$ Z公仔箱論壇The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
: e! G0 r6 L8 {. ]# g. [/ mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ E: B6 Q: I* [: l
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
# \4 z8 _) g5 o' u" |1 |( [0 |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
. G/ |& F+ `# I+ V: \% {% E9 iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.' q' J9 n/ j. D* I: @
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0 f  ]# u4 p' B) l/ _公仔箱論壇5 M+ \1 i7 ]/ ]
Cananea Mine, Mexicotvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  ^) L# p" W( E: z9 u" ^* u8 K
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇! X6 a& z4 o6 l, S' d; p5 t, Z% `- j6 i  f
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains # v+ u7 U/ G5 S# h
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
) e, d" H* A0 y2 y/ y5.39.217.76The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering 0 \* M* H3 g0 ^3 `: O' s5 v, f
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.公仔箱論壇9 J, e* V2 Q8 ?
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
9 o( N9 _1 q$ w  D' o4 P, Y5.39.217.76Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
: z& C9 W9 q& q6 Q' `This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 v0 ?4 |3 A% b* e/ X) M& X

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/ A. t( c  d* C8 R5.39.217.76Phosphate Mines, Jordan
4 s+ |  @; R1 a+ TPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
) C+ N  s3 d1 L/ m" `* [+ }9 Bpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
& k8 t4 ^4 T& J0 ~7 \fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
( M$ _7 {8 p# G8 X, P3 h公仔箱論壇point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
: a2 i7 y$ p" j7 p, x" N5.39.217.76This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
* a5 m( k- c+ Z0 f& I/ }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
1 J# ~# F% x$ {2 n" u. E: Nblue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 5.39.217.76  e: ]% x# \' u/ x' ?# M
lower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  W. Y5 {" Q- N* c. o! B( z

5 P) E  Z5 `! N3 z, v- Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
% Y+ i0 H, Q; b, e: C' S5.39.217.76
  ~3 s) a& n- z2 ^, U( o6 jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。New Cornelia Mine, Arizonatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% J) B/ Q' _. {" _& F" P
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
7 W. ^# E" N# l3 G6 j( X6 K. ^5.39.217.76above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
2 o# i7 B7 C$ W' \# S: ^5.39.217.76land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
; I# m! V3 b8 U* `" r3 j' d) athe metal was extracted.5.39.217.766 k/ t4 t& B# G: z5 b$ l0 z0 x  L, N

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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
; V, ~8 b4 D2 h' w' t* a1 t9 S# GThe bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.   l7 Y) m# u, X: Q
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator 4 B& V: d) ~3 }# u& k7 Q
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year./ u# x8 ~. \; u
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
; k0 F4 H, b: d6 AAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
; a# Z7 y3 C5 U/ ebare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.