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標題: Huge Holes in the Earth: Open-Pit Mines Seen From Space [打印本頁]

作者: bchew    時間: 2009-12-22 09:24 AM     標題: Huge Holes in the Earth: Open-Pit Mines Seen From Space

本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
2 @0 E+ V5 G9 r# l公仔箱論壇" B  u8 a4 c5 j! b) W# e( X

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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
6 f( T4 U' D3 v2 q8 q" ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇- I% f, p: l6 g
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, @+ Z5 b5 x$ C
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& k- w7 D9 v# |* R3 H7 n6 k( R
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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& U  o1 W! V0 b; C2 l' u0 C2 G% w8 e% iAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, MontanaTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. y! ?% d# X( L; ]
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
7 L) `6 g0 K3 o  _An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: d6 b3 C, x/ A; b& b: o0 m
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
1 p) x& W0 K  s' w1 {- T9 m( L公仔箱論壇with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The 5.39.217.76' D2 {, \  [5 H1 r8 E9 ^, Q0 w
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
4 t6 R  G% J$ s6 G5 rTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
! B& y7 e; y0 gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
1 |! k4 W- K  m* K公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
0 B1 m& D2 f- ]4 `This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 z6 p: }) O: ?5 R* y

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Escondida Mine, Chile
( l5 ]- W: g9 ?7 J6 a% _5 G" L5.39.217.76The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 5.39.217.76! W' a+ v6 G0 W1 e
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 5.39.217.765 t0 x5 I) R8 Y( f6 W" o
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
# d. Y( ^6 A: K公仔箱論壇This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
9 [5 j# N3 o' G4 c, Z公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utahtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 ~! F7 Q- l& J# }) ^; ^& x  P. h. y
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced / g; P' \; e' L; u
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 9 p. f! W4 ]$ o6 {) o7 t% O
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* X; |3 N0 M( |9 Z2 w
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces , L/ Z4 E" d3 r& o, o
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 公仔箱論壇3 Q3 ]! z8 s- Q" Z. h! ]9 N2 s
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
4 J+ T# u3 u" g) N! Q5 S8 ]4 A1 v  jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
# _3 O8 W/ V& }( P' Kcamera and an 800mm lens.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ ]; f9 n& m$ K8 B  k

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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: L8 [( V  t4 `
Yuba River Goldfields, California.
: E0 E4 |' x( G1 l$ x% N. p+ D) X) s* ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 公仔箱論壇  M0 ?% c% w8 s- j
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd # R6 d* F4 x% P1 G& L# A
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.公仔箱論壇+ O0 P0 z8 W4 A  R1 H
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
3 p3 t# a- t) A# ~- _, Y3 pmining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
# X, ?, L7 v0 C/ h; D, Z2 mwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: v4 ~0 n+ {+ C7 k
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
9 A2 {. d7 V& a6 F8 D7 Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
" y$ y+ ~2 `# d! G& F( v4 w; _tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
) L* ?8 W! W3 j; B: q; Y* @. H  E* Ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.公仔箱論壇0 m# @. a; H5 ^: V* u# J1 V
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
! `- @5 K7 ^$ J: c  r! DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5.39.217.76) y; z, {, ?! i* n2 h4 ~9 r- k

. u/ q' R; i, P% W公仔箱論壇
% f! s6 e6 k5 h8 E* M( U$ _6 a1 hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru公仔箱論壇/ h3 K8 Y$ [5 z, X% U
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 W, S$ E# X1 q5 c% U/ C
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
# F  N4 A) e6 Y* ?2 M* n0 o0 `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
& J3 l" o7 T6 z3 f, M/ Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
1 L+ D% v) k. E& H) C( ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ P& `" n9 ?! ~9 I3 a0 I3 J
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia
7 c% G7 W8 _6 u% j8 U7 _: j5 \3 W公仔箱論壇The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ O$ d6 ]9 u( k3 Y( I
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
# K2 {* Z: @/ \9 N0 {) XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is 7 ~  u! M! t5 K: X8 B) z
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
' K4 K  X8 e% `9 U公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
* L5 L4 R3 g  w* V! KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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/ @, c- b' ?8 d/ N4 BCananea Mine, Mexicotvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% f  G4 S; ]% _) B
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
9 P" W! i, f1 E5 x& B7 A+ a5.39.217.76Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
/ [7 R: q1 \' M% l7 t7 G; F1 q' i- Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
6 \% O8 P7 N* W3 i+ K1 p) V9 Q公仔箱論壇The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
/ ~) i# [4 R4 N" z2 Dthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.6 ]$ [2 u% Q4 Y$ A- ?) L) n
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the . Q- w; d5 j' E) D7 U5 i' c
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
0 b; n' D/ |' p4 G% nThis image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.5.39.217.769 Z% z* j, X4 T/ ^

( T& n1 K& }- E* ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 t" V# [7 G5 l( E. d4 U9 a7 n+ [
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan
5 H4 u4 {/ D$ ~5 i0 W公仔箱論壇Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
/ y, [. I( k1 E# b; Y$ j6 \$ s* ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists 6 B" J  n* w- u- m) M1 d, O
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
. h" u, x. f; S: B7 Vpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: r" I7 R! B  f
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
. ^" N2 {0 \7 W& j0 D# A. u1 O6 h5.39.217.76satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 7 `$ e! ]% a% \  ?  [0 |
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
" u- j, x( `0 R& S8 L" |  E1 ?4 Jlower part of the image that appears striped.8 V8 Z3 [* ]( a

( v5 f, m9 ^$ K5 wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 ?( y, H) y0 f" o: S5 `
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona5.39.217.765 N- L: t+ M2 }8 u
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured 4 X3 U+ @7 X+ n- Z6 U3 C+ o
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
" k, ^' v/ m# q$ ^3 s+ A% Dland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
+ w% }& }7 H- L" }5.39.217.76the metal was extracted.
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$ z" p/ _2 r; h( R2 i- ^公仔箱論壇Hambach Coal Mines, Germany5.39.217.76' M( g. |9 T/ R: n' f& x/ r8 }
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
" n1 I* p8 z) y5 X8 g0 V公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
4 F7 F# b7 @" E# B( HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
, B1 q  @; Q* t) X% A公仔箱論壇This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 公仔箱論壇' \8 D" A& O3 h4 [7 o/ N" w
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
6 K" a+ V9 m: ^6 {. i1 a公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.


作者: PMF003    時間: 2009-12-22 11:26 AM

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!
作者: k23bb    時間: 2009-12-23 01:03 AM

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!
( w/ H  U% F1 P5 H& I5 {( H& sPMF003 發表於 2009-12-22 11:26 AM
講得好呀 真係難得一見




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