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標題: Huge Holes in the Earth: Open-Pit Mines Seen From Space [打印本頁]

作者: bchew    時間: 2009-12-22 09:24 AM     標題: Huge Holes in the Earth: Open-Pit Mines Seen From Space

本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
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6 g3 g/ C! v" `公仔箱論壇People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
2 x* T& m9 v+ RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇8 ~! K& }/ R5 B: @6 u4 i
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
4 p1 B" `2 U4 r6 v2 s3 s$ k0 WWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 6 R4 r3 d/ f8 ~  J! q7 ~* D
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.2 X- o) j+ n2 U8 O2 B

/ o0 x' ~+ ]) F. @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana公仔箱論壇" Q  ?& }) y5 e4 H% K, W& A3 q
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
' ^0 ~) `- _. yAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 4 \0 n7 F! {2 z3 X( d2 H
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled6 j0 a6 ~; q, s: [! R4 m
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
/ x2 }, L1 t  q# I# i5.39.217.76water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
2 \. s" _% W/ b- l, Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
6 R  d( ]& h+ l* s9 ^. O* u1 p5.39.217.76contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇3 n5 B# C& v9 E& T: O2 @! s
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.# l8 C" `: d' v( X8 `0 T
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.5.39.217.76. h# y% c- P7 p7 A! e2 }

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% h+ b" A# m1 \3 m0 wEscondida Mine, Chile/ }5 F! E( K  _3 o
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 公仔箱論壇0 ?6 u3 G7 d; @7 G
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 5.39.217.763 y: U9 b8 s7 ?% G9 W
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
( C. D" s5 q  s" J8 O( K& etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer " S: ]4 p" }8 g5 ^. z" s8 s
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 L. j! p: P2 m! n' y; g: _  p

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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah公仔箱論壇6 U% t$ a0 s+ m/ J" Z8 k
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 J7 d5 R1 i8 z* r! U0 ]
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
5 x% W3 x3 N+ a* y( [: m4 itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
& c6 D2 z% w) ~9 h4 H0 ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
( ]! o* a- K# \' N3 e1 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 6 i/ O5 b1 N. n; B9 x) H
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.5.39.217.760 s# h6 D- K: v1 M! r
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 公仔箱論壇& G" G$ N9 j) ?
camera and an 800mm lens.5.39.217.76* S/ S; Y  d# J' {
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! k* [2 k/ {+ W) A2 YYuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇9 e5 n6 U" u7 z, l  Y( U7 F. z
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
* W, `. e8 u7 f' M" L公仔箱論壇dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
' j* g9 F) S, a( Z- z  ?* p7 P公仔箱論壇landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
& l& r! G2 Y9 Y$ }# J! ]# D( aShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 5.39.217.76. q9 M7 W' ~" D' e" ~1 P
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, ( X( z! _; U* }! _# y5 q5 C% b
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
; E4 Q2 {3 k. U/ ~, y3 k% u6 N9 p685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
8 i5 H. P. ?, w" oDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to . N. a+ H0 O0 e
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the : P% u; z# d) A
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: L3 J! |* B$ V9 [5 ~3 W
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
# K# Y5 T# d9 l* nTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# Z1 q; N9 U- d# p0 L7 O+ I
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
% E# @2 p0 y5 H* {! X: i/ @. E: KLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
& a( o8 h! c* f0 DThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
5 o5 k6 `5 y: ]# y6 z7 s公仔箱論壇constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, 5.39.217.76' L* D, l1 L- w# T9 M( v) w
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 7 f& r4 g  m) q1 Q+ |& Y/ C& X
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.5.39.217.76$ g; ^# Z- Z, j+ H
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$ d# d3 v; G0 k# Q; n$ ^3 z8 lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Freeport Mine, Indonesia
: \& v' S9 \2 O$ zThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
) {3 a) t( b  @" D5 W2 d9 ^Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 5.39.217.761 C0 i( L% _, T# T! F
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is 5.39.217.76' x5 A( F" Y# E* B8 F$ f/ ^8 H
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 ]" i* r+ P0 V) ?! k& ^* n8 b0 ^( m% \
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.( f! Y. U% v5 ^: [9 s

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( M+ @2 y, @) s9 ?# K! r! ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCananea Mine, Mexico
+ B) j' q: @2 n$ I# `' I) I6 oThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
; K7 j' Y1 ?% q. U3 ]8 }Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 5 c% c: S. ?, Y# B& i
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. 6 X; b: I; {" V0 H5 z& `
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering 5.39.217.76! V) w4 [; O) z$ o
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% w$ h) j- p* \: i7 ^/ g8 L  T
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 G+ x1 C) \2 }
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
- O4 P2 P0 ?' `. _* ~This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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. h$ J9 M0 W- }公仔箱論壇Phosphate Mines, Jordan
" p. w% Q: ^: r; M1 b" Q6 a% ^7 ^公仔箱論壇Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
6 S( P3 o8 f+ U+ x公仔箱論壇percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists ) v; \* f/ B0 Q9 O: D" ~
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
+ _% }4 W& z3 \* p; v6 gpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
- U( P1 M+ s& z# WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra # ^6 |* ^' \% Y- I
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
6 D6 b, H! P" U# |% N: g公仔箱論壇blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
! e  ^: K% G4 t+ qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvblower part of the image that appears striped.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 b4 e% ?% N' y' p9 G; n6 H" u

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+ P# @. {3 J' _, W( V5 ITVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
) \! ^9 g# m6 @, W5.39.217.76New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
/ ^6 W+ O, B# I) `' vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
& C* O2 O; y8 D" H( W5.39.217.76above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
* X$ T9 w! [' C9 P) Z7 w* Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 6 c' Z5 l7 E& M/ _3 `! u8 i% r: h
the metal was extracted.
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany5.39.217.762 e5 r* |! R( {4 |# U
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
5 y2 X7 Z7 U$ Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
% \6 o- E. y8 [6 t9 F& f公仔箱論壇is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ y0 ]: z1 h" `
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 5.39.217.76( X) r! t' n$ M% e6 W- k, D
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
# w; W; R; i2 z4 b0 e, H公仔箱論壇bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.


作者: PMF003    時間: 2009-12-22 11:26 AM

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!
作者: k23bb    時間: 2009-12-23 01:03 AM

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!5.39.217.76( O, N1 W0 y. R- C/ F
PMF003 發表於 2009-12-22 11:26 AM
講得好呀 真係難得一見




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