/ V+ d0 S4 q; u- g公仔箱論壇同學少年風華正茂 蒼茫大地誰主沉浮/文﹕盧子健公仔箱論壇* Z I0 B4 R1 i3 G. f5 b6 t
& E/ m, N3 e/ z7 I4 N1 ]' R 0 f1 _: g3 H4 `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 + E) E. l( |0 A+ J9 hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。「憶往昔崢嶸歲月稠。恰同學少年,風華正茂;書生意氣,揮斥方遒。指點江山,激揚文字,糞土當年萬戶侯。」(毛澤東,《沁園春.長沙》,1925年)# @8 o5 I. l. ~. h+ o
5 f' F0 o" J- }( A, ?9 K1976 年,我踏入香港大學校園,搭上了上世紀70年代蓬勃的學生運動的尾班車。38年過去,真的是「彈指一揮間」。今天學生領導的佔領運動,不斷勾起我回憶當年學運的情景。當年挑戰港英殖民地統治和不平等的資本主義制度的學運,為80年代初學界支持香港回歸中國播下了思想的種子,和為往後30年本土民主運動和社會改革運動打下了堅實的基礎。5.39.217.763 }0 I, Z8 B" ?: A$ E& i$ Q, U3 m# M
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30年前,中英簽署有關香港前途的聯合聲明。雖然有了這份文件,很多香港人還是憂心忡忡,不肯定香港將往何處去。當年的青年學生,承接着上世紀70年代學運的精神,是最積極的一群。他們憧憬在中國主權下建設新香港,做當家作主的香港人。他們是「民主回歸」路線的積極推動者。 7 l' y# j6 I& ~( D9 G5.39.217.76& R3 s, V: \( K1 y- S
30年後的今天,令人遺憾的是「香港往何處去」再成為熱門問題。更令人遺憾的是,回歸中國17年後,青年學生不再對前途充滿憧憬。他們一樣是風華正茂,但沒有指點江山。佔領運動雖然充滿熱情,但也帶着一片悲涼。香港中文大學傳播與民意調查中心早前發表的「香港民意與政治發展」調查結果顯示,15至24歲人士和25至39歲人士都有超過一半對香港未來發展悲觀。他們都是成長於中英聯合聲明之後,過去30年的實踐顯然並沒有令他們對香港未來感到樂觀。 ' c6 K' f; j' E5.39.217.76 2 k$ J2 ?( j# n人們不禁要問:為什麼?答案並不複雜,但問題得到解決卻絕不容易。5.39.217.761 M$ L& ?! R K) l( Y) H# [( e
' f5 q6 D8 {: ] t: ]關鍵是:北京是否信任港人、是否願意放權?香港人是否能夠自尊、自重、自主?如果答案都是「是」的話,就應該以一個以大多數香港市民代表為主體的政府,取代現在以北京所信任人士與大商家代表組成的執政聯盟。 5 A3 s$ G. L+ P, c公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇( y# K- G4 Q% \
17年證明 7 @0 t" E4 o$ O. I. B2 n( jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb執政聯盟無法有效治港 4 ^$ J4 Y4 X3 }* a5.39.217.768 S5 d# k9 R: A: |
回歸17年的實踐已經證明,北京所組織的執政聯盟根本無法有效管治香港,而且情况是每况愈下。17年內3位特首,其中曾蔭權也許也沒有什麼特別建樹,但他在任的7年已經是特區最好的時候。原因可能是因為他正正不是北京充分信任的人,而在2009至2010年間曾蔭權任特首時,北京處理政改問題的態度比較開放,較積極與泛民談判和對話。! t7 i- U, s7 O. n! Z: c
% U3 M% a1 d! \% J. h& l5 g) G5 Z. R公仔箱論壇Chris Patten: Hope for Hong Kong( B+ \3 [: D2 \! ?) m
( y' B0 w5 v) W0 v- e9 \7 _, E! Q5.39.217.76 ; r3 o& G0 E" \. @0 Y* T+ e/ J公仔箱論壇LONDON –Hong Kong’s democracy movement has gained admiration worldwide. The principles,decency, and behavior of its youthful vanguard inspire confidence in the qualities of the generation that one day will run the great city. That said, it is time to move on to a sensible endgame.6 h' o$ i# C- S3 g: [8 {0 m( n
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The longer the standoff between Hong Kong’s Chief Executive and the demonstrators continues, the more likely it is that individual citizens – and Hong Kong itself – will be hurt. The Hong Kong government should demonstrate some statesmanship, which the so-called “Umbrella Movement” – occupying the moral high ground and not wishing to risk losing public support – would surely reciprocate. A substantive and successful dialogue with the government would not require the protesters to call off their campaign for democracy; it would simply end the current phase of a campaign that eventually will succeed.% m# Y( R% ]8 K @1 e
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) Z, y* E( Q1 X
Despite their protestations to the contrary, Hong Kong Chief Executive C. Y. Leung and his government have considerable room for maneuver. As many Hong Kong citizens have argued, the Chinese government’s current position is based on a report,submitted by Leung’s officials, which purported to reflect accurately the outcome of local consultations on constitutional development. : N0 h: ^* e; |9 _2 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 1 X4 X. @0 X4 q# itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBut the report plainly understated the degree of public support for change. Given what has happened in the last few weeks, Leung could quite properly give a new report to the authorities in Beijing focusing on two issues not proscribed by Hong Kong’s mini-constitution, the Basic Law.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% M* W C- `0 J7 ~
* q" z) M4 l/ MThe first issue concerns not just the immediate question of the terms on which the Chief Executive will be elected in 2017, but also how the Legislative Council should be elected in 2016 and after. The procedure is largely a matter for the Hong Kong government to decide.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" k" U6 O% b' i. ~$ J
" H2 m, \8 w; _( \5 N5.39.217.76It is surprising that 17 years after the handover of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, Hong Kong still does not have a directly elected legislature.In December 1992, Margaret Thatcher suggested in a speech in the House of Lords that, if all went well, Hong Kong could have universal suffrage by 2007.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ S" {5 \4 \& P: B4 R
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Unfortunately,all has not gone well. The legislature today comprises a mix of directly elected members and those representing functional constituencies: corporate interests and groups of employees. Some civic groups have advocated increasing the number of directly elected legislators and opening up the functional constituencies to broader electorates. Moreover, the brake that the functional constituencies can put on legislation should be scrapped, leaving decisions to a simple majority. This could be accompanied by a pledge to create a legislature composed entirely of directly elected members in 2020. 1 E$ P: T# I( _- X& Y9 Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% f( k. x- A8 O$ h9 i: `0 D+ O
The second issue concerns the composition and the voting rules of the handpicked1,200-member election committee that will choose the Chief Executive in the future. The current proposed arrangements would permit the Chinese government to veto any candidate that it did not like, prompting criticism that what is on offer is an Iranian-style election: “You can vote for anyone we choose.” - g) q' v' \, H2 c9 U' r( p6 \ 1 @8 h$ M' N: \+ Y3 X2 eThe Hong Kong government could call for changes to increase the openness and fairness by which the Chief Executive is chosen, without abandoning its current method in favor of universal suffrage. According to the Basic Law, the election committee should be “broadly representative” – a provision that the committee’s current composition violates. Its membership is chosen by only 7% of the total Hong Kong electorate, and its voting procedures seek to prevent the nomination of any candidates who may harbor democratic sympathies.: b$ ^' m# K% f/ s
/ m: V, x8 l# _/ L4 x9 D5.39.217.76Since 1997,55-61% of voters have voted for democratic candidates in Legislative Council elections. The last time a slightly smaller election committee met (to choose Leung), less restrictive constraints on candidate selection were in place, and the leader of the Democratic Party was able to be nominated (though he still received less than 7% of the vote).tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 Q8 }: I* L7 E' ^: @
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So Leung and his team should put forward proposals to broaden the electoral base of the election committee and open up the nominating process for candidates. There are plenty of recommendations from civil-society groups about how to accomplish these objectives. Both sides will need to give a little to prevent the confrontation in the streets from escalating, with the police forced to provide a substitute for a sensible policy. ! z* M8 `3 j# c! \# R2 vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb : j/ [1 @& m9 @) s, ?9 ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The British government has said that it is important that “the people of Hong Kong have a genuine choice.” Leung and his colleagues can give them one. This would not be all that the Umbrella Movement has demanded, but it should encourage the protesters to reach a compromise without departing from their longer-term goal. 2 r$ Q% }; r9 t* E: }3 t公仔箱論壇That is why Leung should embrace dialogue and compromise. Even a ruler whose mandate comes from heaven should heed the words of the Confucian sage Mencius: “Heaven sees with the eyes of its people. Heaven hears with the ears of its people.”TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 N8 j* w. S! C$ X