公仔箱論壇 - Powered by Discuz! Board

標題: [中國內地] 中国水资源 [打印本頁]

作者: skyalan 時間: 2013-8-6 03:18 AM 標題: 中国水资源

关于中国水资源的一片文章。除了饮用水，工业用水，煤炭以及非常规天然气的开发都非常依赖水资源，不知道大家对这方面有什么见解。

1/ 北方占有一半以上人口，绝大多数煤矿，却仅有20%水资源，缺水严重（南水北调）
2/ 如果没有大型的供水项目，中国每年用水的消耗量将在2030出现2千亿立方米的不足 5.39.217.76& j" H1 M9 ?: D$ R* @+ ]
3/ 中国的工厂单位用水量是发达国家的4-10倍，仅有40%的水被回收，发达国家为75-85%
4/ 在陕西，很多当地水资源被煤矿污染的地区，村民等待赔偿和被安置
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; f: z( ~" q" t7 ]* p9 c1 j2 n
『 China's Coal Thirst Strains Its Water Supplies 』 [2013-8-2] tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 f# Q8 Y. \( w. ], ?/ V2 m
1 b" E# b2 f+ [: x" ]2 Y/ Y* F/ f
The Wulanmulun River once ran through Daliuta, a town in China’s northern Shaanxi province. All that remains of the waterway today is a pond, which locals say is contaminated by waste from the world’s biggest underground coal mine. Environmentalists also contend that mining is sapping the area’s groundwater supplies. “I year require the manufacturing hubs of Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces and Shanghai to reduce water use every year even as their economies expand. In May 2012 authorities in the city of Guangzhou hiked prices 50 percent for residents and 89 percent for industrial users to help pay for improvementworry about the water,” says Zhe Mancang, the 58-year-old owner of a liquor store in town. “But my family’s here, and my customers are from the mines.”
...... 4 K- s# @; Y9 P9 P4 g
& H! e& {4 b2 B- h. n; u1 G
About 28,000 rivers have dried up across China since 1990, according to the country’s Ministry of Water Resources and National Bureau of Statistics of China, and those that remain are mostly polluted. China’s per-person share of fresh water is 1,730 cubic meters, close to the 1,700 cubic meter level the United Nations deems “stressed.”

The situation is worse in the north, where half of China’s population, most of its coal, and only 20 percent of its water are located. A government plan to boost coal production and build more power plants near mines will lift industrial demand for water in Inner Mongolia 141 percent by 2015 from 2010 levels, causing aquifers to dry up and deserts to expand, according to a report Greenpeace commissioned from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “After five years there won’t be enough water in Ordos in Inner Mongolia,” says Sun Qingwei, director of the climate and energy campaign at Greenpeace in Beijing. “The mines are stealing groundwater from agriculture. Local governments want their economies to boom.” 公仔箱論壇% Y3 V/ p& s* k6 S8 n$ [9 A

China’s central government is responding with tighter limits on water usage, a new approach to rates that allows for steep price increases, and plans to spend 4 trillion yuan ($652 billion) by 2020 to boost water infrastructure. Rules enacted this s in the water supply, according to an April report by Goldman Sachs Group (GS).

To alleviate shortages in the north, the central government in 2002 approved the 500 billion yuan South-to-North water diversion project. The plan is to move 44.8 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River annually along three routes. The first leg, slated for completion this year, will measure 1,467 kilometers, roughly double the length of the Erie Canal. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' O9 M. `0 l; d5 }
公仔箱論壇! k. ?2 u0 W. f, i
Even this massive undertaking may not be enough: A 2009 report by a group that includes Coca-Cola (KO) and SABMiller (SBMRY) noted that China’s annual demand may exceed supply by as much as 200 billion cubic meters by 2030, unless “major capital investments to strengthen water supplies are made beyond those presently planned.”
+ d6 x- U% T* X7 k- L
Chinese industry uses 4 to 10 times more water per unit of production than the average in developed countries, according to research firm China Water Risk in Hong Kong. Only 40 percent of industrial water is recycled, compared with 75 percent to 85 percent in developed countries, the World Bank says.
......

歡迎光臨公仔箱論壇 (http://5.39.217.76/)