; ]0 I u, }3 {( ~% |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。默克爾對未來的願景足以讓歐盟內部最不熱衷於聯盟的國家（特別是英國）感到警惕。在英國，談及“政治聯盟”這幾個字，就會產生像朝公牛揮動紅布一樣的反應。然而通過說服基民盟對“加強歐洲一體化”抱有希望，默克爾也贏得了回旋余地，能夠更靈活地應對當前危機。 + b! P }$ }3 |1 H) y0 u4 T公仔箱論壇5.39.217.76& X/ _/ L4 x& w7 U% g f; @
實際上，德國總理默克爾在歐元區債務危機兩年前在希臘爆發、甚至更早以前，就已經主導了歐盟的決策。她也許語言溫和，注重建立共識，但正是她的思想為布魯塞爾設置了議程，確定了危機管理的指導原則。她堅持主張，如果不附帶嚴厲的財政緊縮條件，就不提供救助。她堅決要求私營部門債權人分擔債務減記的負擔。她拒絕讓歐洲央行(ECB)充當最后借款人來停止危機在債券市場的蔓延。公仔箱論壇4 I5 Y6 @4 p0 i" }- b, h5 v
+ V$ R0 `- t% K7 g9 \
德國媒體喜歡起一些歡迎“鐵血宰相”——像俾斯麥一樣——回歸的文章標題，但這些標題卻沒有展示出她靈活的個性。默克爾生於西德漢堡，卻成長在奉行共產主義的東德。她從圈外空降至基民盟核心，並於2000年取得了男性主導的該黨的控制權，直至現在成為了無人能敵的領袖。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' M1 s: P) s- J8 N2 z9 G' O
公仔箱論壇5 x4 r: v# Z8 @0 r# w* D5 S
默克爾是在1990年兩德統一后由赫爾穆特•科爾(Helmut Kohl)帶進政府的，被樹立為統一后代表東德的標志性女性政治人物。科爾把默克爾稱為“小姑娘”，又把她任命為婦女和青年部長。當時，默克爾並沒有表現出什麼政治野心。她雖然是一位新教牧師的女兒，卻天生政治觸角敏銳。盡管默克爾迷人、有幽默感，但她也頗為冷酷。自從登上權力頂峰，她小心地罷黜了每一個潛在的挑戰者。與科爾一樣，默克爾以她驚人的記憶力而聞名。實際上，讓她出名的是，她決心比一切共事的男性都能更好地掌控問題。與她關系親密的一位前顧問表示，作為一位科學家，默克爾非常希望搞明白事情的原委，而一旦做出決定，她會堅持不懈，除非環境發生變化。公仔箱論壇, L" U: L( B( I) }
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 p, }0 o# O6 X" Q* g7 A/ M1 ?
過去一年，她曾兩次做出驚人的政策大轉變，並成功說服她所在的政黨遵從她的決定。第一次是在日本福島(Fukushima)核電廠爆發核災難之后，她說服德國政府放棄了延長德國核電站壽命的決定。《How the Chancellor Rules》一書作者瑪格麗特•哈克爾(Margaret Heckel)表示：“作為一名物理學家，她長期以來從未對原子能產生過任何疑慮。”“當福島核事故在日本這樣一個高科技國家發生后，這完全出乎她的預料。她明白，即便是在德國，一些想象不到的事情也可能會發生。” 2 y8 v! {3 b1 U, ?1 }+ Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 5 Z0 H3 ~7 G5 X1 i, g3 Z/ o$ e. q公仔箱論壇不僅如此，她還知道，核能將變得非常不受歡迎，並會提升綠黨(Greens)的支持率。她立即放棄了這一政策。她的第二個政策大轉變就發生於上周：她說服她所領導的基民盟克服保守派的強烈反對，支持最低工資。公仔箱論壇4 l+ Y' |" {8 d
3 e6 K* ]& O. g2 H# j% ~# Z/ k/ O( Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb如果她在2013年獲得三連任——她目前仍是德國最受歡迎的政治家，她所在的政黨也是該國最大的政黨——她既可以選擇組建一個左傾的聯合政府，也可以組建一個右傾的聯合政府。她首次當選德國總理是在2005年，格哈德•施羅德(Gerhard Schroder)的總理生涯從此落下帷幕，但此后，從沒有任何跡象顯示她喪失了對這一高位的熱情。公仔箱論壇+ z& L3 }6 M }; P1 T* w
5.39.217.76- w6 x$ G7 |5 g& G
“她從未停止學習，”哈克爾表示，“這就是為何人們繼續低估她的原因。一旦你對她形成了某種看法，她已經發生了變化。”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 K. t1 Y7 c" @/ R( f) W+ c
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 h# P, Y+ S3 J/ J1 [0 F
“她是個務實的問題解決者，不追究意識形態，”朗古特教授表示，“她隨時會改變立場。她所在的政黨不喜歡這點。他們需要一個始終如一的信仰。但基民盟……知道隻有靠她，他們才能贏得下次選舉。”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb n- I+ o9 Z+ M3 d
公仔箱論壇. l: h: P. ^7 `' K. X# ?9 y3 G8 B
批評者們指責她解決此次危機的手段“過少且過遲”，無法穩定市場。進展緩慢的民主進程與金融投資者的即時反應之間的矛盾困擾著她。她不信任市場，並拒絕被催著做出回應。此外，她非常厭惡風險，這讓她受到心存憂慮的選民的喜愛。然而，她內心的務實主義意味著，她可能會改變想法，就像她在核能問題上所做的那樣。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 Z. {# [+ R! H: h+ c9 c" q
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, {: d& [9 h: K W' C: b j* R6 P
另外一位由女科學家變成政府首腦的傳奇性人物瑪格麗特•撒切爾(Margaret Thatcher)曾經說過一句名言：“撒切爾夫人是不會轉彎的。”對於很多現在關注德國的人而言，默克爾似乎也會揮起同樣堅硬無比的手袋這樣說。但不要被蒙蔽了：就像德國媒體所公認的那樣，這位“媽媽”完全是一個更加柔和的人。作者: felicity2010 時間: 2011-11-29 08:26 AM
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2011-11-29 08:30 AM 編輯 $ q6 S( v. V0 N
7 l3 h1 z( w+ ~+ QThe steely headmistress with Europe in her thrall Quentin Peel公仔箱論壇) x. N# \5 C+ \( Z3 Q. D# U
3 e' l; [4 L6 y1 C4 Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb $ I! ~4 s5 I5 H6 l4 E: gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbMore than 30 years ago Henry Kissinger, then US Secretary of State,allegedly complained that he could not believe in Europe until it had a single telephone number to call. He should be happy today, says Germany’s popular Stern magazine.He just has to call “Madame Europa”, alias Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, in Berlin. It even printed her office telephone number. 2 E0 k* [2 h/ g2 K, B! @1 z! x公仔箱論壇. C0 \1 ]' G; v5 |, z# a# W. S
Germany has belatedly discovered that its sober, solid and deliberately unglamorous leader is really the person calling the shots across the continent. “Whether we like it or not, Ms Merkel is the most important person in Europe today,” says Gerd Langguth,politics professor at Bonn university, and a biographer of the chancellor. “She may not like it herself, although the more she is in the centre of things, the more she seems to enjoy it.”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: `4 m4 h4 y2 J. T
公仔箱論壇: p$ B0 }6 ]5 ]" @3 s) F$ a/ w' X
As Europe’s sovereign debt crisis further rattled the markets this week the 57-year-old former physicist threwdown the gauntlet to her European partners by calling for “more Europe, not less Europe” as the answer. Addressing the annual congress of her centre-right Christian Democratic Union, she steered the party back to its pro-European roots, in favour of “step-by-step progress towards political union” in the European Union. It was not what the markets wanted to hear. They wanted an instant solution to stem the eurozone crisis.But it delighted the party faithful. 5 T7 Y, K0 l5 y/ [# V( xTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. Q$ T1 c7 |' M) I( v" ]" Q; B( I
Ms Merkel’s vision of the future was also more than enough to alarm the least federalist parts of the EU, not least the UK, where the very words“political union” are like waving a red rag to a bull. But by persuading her party that they can hope for “more Europe”, she has won room for manoeuvre to be more flexible in the current crisis. ( l" F4 K1 s# _: i% Y) TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 $ |; ^% E, T) C" Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbIn truth, the chancellor has dominated decision-making in the EU ever since the eurozone debt crisis began in Greece two years ago, if not before. She may be soft-spoken, a consensus builder, but it is her thinking that has set the agenda in Brussels, and dictated the guidelines of crisis management. She insists there can be no bail-out without drastic austerity conditions. She is adamant private creditors must share the burden of a debt write-down. She refuses to call on the European Central Bank to be the lender of last resort to stop contagion in the bond markets.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 X3 ^4 Z7 o" q# T* q+ F
公仔箱論壇4 k2 ?4 X: ]3 Z
Yet popular German headlines that welcome the return of an “Iron Chancellor” – like Bismarck – fail to capture her flexible personality. Born in Hamburg, but brought up in communist East Germany, she came from outside to seize control of the male-dominated CDU in 2000, and is now its unchallenged leader.8 y& k u- S' \. B3 ~2 P% R
+ j/ Q: ` p8 AShe was brought into government by Helmut Kohl after unification in 1990, as a token woman from the east after unification. He called her “the girl”, and made her minister for women and youth. At that stage, there was little sign of ambition. She may have been the daughter of a Protestant pastor but she was blessed with acute political antennae. While charming and funny, she can also be ruthless. Since she got to the top, she has carefully removed every potential challenger from office.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! I% g+ `8 y: ?7 G' w* ~2 g0 \* J3 s
5.39.217.76: |* o' p% E# t7 t' M O# S
Like Mr Kohl, she is known for her remarkable memory. Indeed she is famous for her determination to master a subject better than any of the men she has to work with. As a scientist, she really wants to understand what makes things tick,according to a former close adviser, and once she has reached a decision, she sticks with it – unless circumstances change. & h; Y% z( P. V% htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb $ F$ i$ X7 L" _* \; X" H) I; D/ \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Twice in the past year she has performed remarkable U-turns, and managed to persuade her party to follow her. The first was in reversing her government’s decision to extend the life of Germany’s nuclear power stations,following the nuclear disaster at Japan’s Fukushima plant. “Being a physicist made her feel comfortable with atomic energy for a long time,” says Margaret Heckel, author of “How the Chancellor Rules”. “When Fukushima happened in a high technology country like Japan, it simply was not in her projections. She understood that even in Germany, something unimaginable may happen.”tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* Z. J7 P9 g) y( z2 u6 p" {
. ~9 N* D) n- j% G8 _0 L) r& K
Not only that, she knew nuclear power would be very unpopular and boost the votes of the Greens. She dumped the policy overnight. Her second U-turn came this week: she persuaded her CDU to overcome strong conservative objections, and support minimum wages. ' I" }1 e( N7 |! h ?& I: l+ U公仔箱論壇 ' ~+ }+ D( W- Q8 M. A5.39.217.76If she wins a third term in 2013 – she is still the most popular German politician, and her party is the largest – she can choose to form a coalition to the left as well as to the right. She first won office in 2005, bringing down the curtain on Gerhard Schroder’s chancellorship but since then has shown no sign of losing her zest for high office. : z$ Z! R* h" w* e6 t$ H# UTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 1 s: f7 a2 e/ `3 {. v `1 D( m3 f5.39.217.76“She never ceases to learn,” says Ms Heckel. “That is why people continue to underestimate her. Once you have formulated an opinion on her, she has already changed.” ) n3 k, x7 r5 V( lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇: c* { f) y% J# ^4 x7 y
“She is a pragmatic problem-solver, not ideological,” says Prof Langguth. “She can change her position from one day to another. Her party does not like that. They want a consistent conviction. But the Christian Democrats ... know that only with her can they win the next election.”公仔箱論壇, Y: m) F0 ]7 k6 @7 O
& v8 Q+ h8 n$ e" U4 {" T' }( \
Critics say her approach to the crisis has been “too little, too late” to stabilise the markets. She is obsessed by the contradiction between a slow-moving democratic process, and the instant reaction of financial investors. She mistrusts the markets, and refuses to be rushed to respond. She is also deeply risk-averse,which endears her to anxious voters. Yet the pragmatist in her means she can change her mind, just as she did over nuclear power.; d8 i* M6 A: g
2 ~' x$ @& I' r8 A/ c3 oMargaret Thatcher, that other legendary female scientist turned head of government,famously once declared “the lady’s not for turning.” To many looking on at Germany in now Ms Merkel may seem to wield the same adamantine handbag. But do not be fooled: “Mutti” as she is known in the German media is an altogether more emollient figure.6 F. L( o' c4 g& ~6 }. r6 A5 ~
. @$ H$ {. {9 y ?# [' S( A7 a8 Z5 ]3 ?; R1 z; x+ J
The writer is the FT’s Berlin bureau chief
