! ^/ Z" N. e0 B d; z! [# X5 z# Y發展迅速/ q7 y9 X9 Q" K7 i
到1940年代末，穆斯林兄弟會在埃及已經發展了大約200萬名會員，其理念也傳播到整個阿拉伯世界。與此同時，班納創建了穆斯林兄弟會的武裝分支，從事反對英國統治的活動，並且發動了一系列的炸彈攻擊和暗殺行動。 5 C* {5 o8 c5 _# | P8 |) G' k0 ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% L: T9 o1 I) Z v5 Z
埃及政府在1948年以穆斯林兄弟會攻擊英國和猶太人目標為理由宣佈取締這個組織。隨後不久，穆斯林兄弟會被控暗殺埃及總理諾克拉希。班納譴責了殺害諾克拉希的行為，但是他本人很快遭槍擊身亡，據信刺殺他的是埃及安全部門的一名成員。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* h: b+ u- f7 ?* e k
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ ]* J; R9 z5 _8 J$ [; c* J) g
1952年，由一些年輕軍官組成的「自由軍官組織」發動軍事政變上台，得到穆斯林兄弟會的支持。後來在1970年出任埃及總統的薩達特當時曾在穆斯林兄弟會和自由軍官組織之間充當聯絡人。5.39.217.767 i3 E+ x" k9 ] z; |8 W
1 m! n+ E; T; ~2 c) [5 m" a J4 y 遭受鎮壓 ' y- x. F1 E, d5 ?# BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。但是，穆斯林兄弟會和當局之間的關係很快惡化。1954年發生刺殺埃及總統納賽爾未遂事件，穆斯林兄弟會遭到指責、查禁，大批成員被捕，受到酷刑折磨，穆斯林兄弟會轉入地下活動。埃及政府在1965年再次鎮壓穆斯林兄弟會，並在1966年處決其重要成員賽義德·卡塔布。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ p T, ]) ?, Y, i5 p$ ^$ Q4 [; b
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從1980年代開始，穆斯林兄弟會試圖進入埃及主流政治，同其他政黨結盟，並且在2000年獲得人民議會的17個議席。 ! n# }. f$ `/ R0 A, rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, B: z( N: l2 H
2005年，穆斯林兄弟會以獨立候選人的名義獲得議會20%的議席，取得了有史以來的最佳選舉結果。 * m4 _6 U7 B; z& T# N1 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 & L( d. v, R7 ?8 I2 H+ d這一選舉結果讓埃及總統穆巴拉克感到震驚，促使他開始採取措施遏制穆斯林兄弟會的發展。 " o2 Z* `; a2 Y. M: Z' tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( O! t x( d! J1 X% e 伊斯蘭法TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: b0 p' |* U' u: g- ~
重新修改的憲法禁止任何以宗教為基礎的政治活動和政黨活動，也不准獨立候選人競選總統。這一憲法內容被認為是針對穆斯林兄弟會的政治活動。此外，反恐怖立法也賦予安全部隊更大的拘押嫌疑人和限制公共集會的權力。 7 n/ n/ C( C" _; i7 W4 Q1 \ - ?4 |( I) }4 u5 H: U/ b- [tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb在執政的民族民主黨官員的努力下，穆斯林兄弟會終於未能在2010年11月的選舉中再次顯露鋒芒。但是，穆斯林兄弟會在首輪選舉中未獲一席的結果也讓執政黨難堪，引發了選舉舞弊的廣泛指稱。5.39.217.76$ \7 ?* j' a3 \
4 c. I* d+ e2 Q$ x. KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。穆斯林兄弟會隨後和其他反對黨一道抵制第二輪選舉，穆巴拉克的民族民主黨最終獲得議會80%的議席。 5 @/ D* t' I* R8 R f公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇/ v: @! C; L3 S, e7 o A+ |3 x$ V( T
當局對反對派的繼續鎮壓是引發2011年1月大規模反政府抗議示威的原因之一，穆斯林兄弟會也因此受到煽動騷亂的指稱。但是這個組織的負責人說，這是一場民眾抗議，他們只是民眾的一部分。穆斯林兄弟會表示支持民主的原則，但是他們所申明的目標之一是建立一個由伊斯蘭法統治的國家。作者: felicity2010 時間: 2011-2-8 07:34 AM
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2011-2-8 07:37 AM 編輯 & \0 i( m3 Z% M j9 c; r4 U8 e9 | - {0 R5 h5 n. `& X& F8 iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Understanding Revolutionary Egypt2 Z( o& Y3 ^" V, {
公仔箱論壇% N! s9 P) ?- k4 V2 V6 V2 K
By Nathan J. Brown公仔箱論壇9 P. I5 M! O9 ~8 K, p5 k/ U* ?
FP公仔箱論壇: C3 s/ l% N1 {0 ~" a' J
. ~% h' Y# S4 G% m4 E0 NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。For so long, Egypt seemed impervious to change. In the last week, the country has changed by the hour. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 P6 W) X. {1 ^/ n
A member of the Islamist opposition once told me the following joke: A man was walking along the beach in Alexandria when he saw a lantern. He picked it up, rubbed it, and out popped a genie."You have one wish!" the genie exclaimed. The man thought and replied"I love New York! Build me abridge from my front door to the middle of New York City so I can go back and forth at my pleasure." & S" T$ r) h/ D& d" R5 n' V2 NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The genie scowled: "Please give me a real wish that I can make come true." The man was disappointed for only a brief moment before he said, "Before I die, I want to see a different president of Egypt."The genie thought for a minute and replied, "All right. Should I make the bridge one lane or two?" - c2 n, C8 p# Y& _) b/ H$ W; G' D3 t. f( C% n
What was too much for a genie was similarly unimaginable for ordinary citizens. The sorts of protests that quickly mushroomed since last week were not new; what was new was only how quickly they have brought the regime to the brink of collapse. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ d& r# K% F: n* z+ s) s
Did anyone see this coming? Those who follow Egypt closely were well aware of the authoritarian and sometimes thuggish nature o of the regime, and also that most Egyptians viewed their rulers with great cynicism and contempt. It was no secret that when push came to shove, only top officials, hacks, and paid hooligans would rally to the defense of a system widely viewed as thuggish and corrupt. ; g0 h* K3 B9 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBut nobody expected push to come to shove at any particular time or in any particular way. In fact, past efforts by opponents to find a chink in the regime's armor seemed to fizzle. The electoral system absorbed great energy and attention but produced meager results. Protests were widespread but remained localized; efforts to produce a more coordinated national effort failed. & _9 |- _ z* ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLet's be clear: The Mubarak regime is only on the brink, not past it. Its strategy has finally emerged. Part of that strategy -- spreading mayhem with swords, clubs, camels, and horses -- is obvious. But the regime is also sketching out a political path, which involves splitting the opposition,offering limited reform, and threatening massive disorder. 6 D- V" C" V7 @4 U2 g公仔箱論壇Mubarak's speech on Tuesday night, in which he announced that he would not seek another term as president, also contained the seeds of a potential deal that could co-opt Egypt's officially sanctioned opposition parties and leave the protesters in Tahrir Square out in the cold. In a seemingly arcane legal point, Mubarak also called on court judgments on the last parliamentary election to be honored. "I demand parliament adhere to the word of the judiciary and its verdicts concerning the latest cases which have been legally challenged," he said. I2 |" }- J+ [! b8 D公仔箱論壇Those who are the victim of electoral fraud in Egypt are often able to win court decisions supporting their charges. However, it is the prerogative of the parliament, according to the constitution, to enforce those court orders -- and past parliaments have simply refused to do so. " r+ J! r h) `* y+ OIf Mubarak's pledge were to be fulfilled, then perhaps half of the seats in the parliament would be vacated with new elections held to fill them. And that would give the opposition a chance to play a role in negotiating a new constitutional arrangement in the reconfigured parliament. ' {+ W9 W' v5 j, _; TSuch a step would present the opposition with a dilemma: Would it seize the opportunity to run in such elections and gain a significant voice in the amendment process? The Muslim Brotherhood and leadership of the demonstrators would quite sensibly reject this offer as too little, too late. But Egypt's legal opposition parties have fallen into a craven state, and some might swallow the bait. , E6 Z) f9 B9 J公仔箱論壇 ) g1 z& C% E( b* @4 wNathan J. Brown is professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University.
