本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 公仔箱論壇/ s. N6 U" [+ Y- K; k
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb; q5 t+ t; p( z
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
' M* s$ F2 p/ a, x% Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* J1 E' R) Z; L% l+ S* w
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by 5.39.217.766 H3 |3 [# v+ j2 _
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
4 w& E G" @6 M, {4 a B: `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 P& g# h6 ?# m0 ^. i
Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
. y, Z. L4 e3 \! V& b; w( }& w, a0 A公仔箱論壇This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
$ t' k0 p, U/ j- S& Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
2 n. l2 N' U8 M9 _3 Z" Y# htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled公仔箱論壇. w) i, w8 |7 j- C% m
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The : J" J+ f/ }, p
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
) j8 R# P- H1 r. w: ?5.39.217.76Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to ~. q: ^% i! ^6 L9 b& _$ N3 ?) R* `% M
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete * B, c, z9 |2 i3 ^
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
0 L- U& n* b; k- ~$ E公仔箱論壇This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 R A' x# `( `" Z" ?$ a4 P- x
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Escondida Mine, Chiletvb now,tvbnow,bttvb A9 ~$ d m& w& F$ j8 D
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 5.39.217.766 v9 ^1 {5 @! a, u9 d3 Z
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
+ `& e% P( F3 B! i! k) ^2 aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
) ~2 U3 y: `9 \& F2 @, \" }) ]This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
0 T6 Y2 @% x6 a3 v$ R9 H, z, E# s公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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0 Z8 V) W: G, P4 V+ _2 K& UTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
2 z$ w% f6 v) n7 pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
, u/ s1 R5 X. Y+ S) TBingham Canyon Mine, Utah5.39.217.76: f, M$ U; J& ]) c/ j
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced ' W( y2 W2 a5 P: s' D
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
0 p" a6 p; r/ FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
3 Z- G, ]4 G" E: \公仔箱論壇the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
5 b5 m2 J4 Q4 ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
# s/ [& X8 A/ M: t$ d0 q4 m公仔箱論壇feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
1 E( t( U3 V9 X% }This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 9 o3 D6 |3 ~/ b2 F! y7 U
camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇- v4 d9 t1 W" ~ I) S& w! ~
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; N2 D' w0 U D6 u6 t8 R* z8 BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Yuba River Goldfields, California.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* ]" M- C- Q7 |- m. M9 v( D2 g+ q
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
M6 E% g t! s2 J) s+ m8 c. J; adredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb% n- D3 E: r% ?! [5 T
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
+ \% Q& |9 X- p0 H2 L( ~! Z( e& mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 5.39.217.767 J/ Y6 ^( |( m* m* q) W ~, U
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, ]' _; s: \+ j- Z; Z6 d1 m
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
1 I$ U2 R* t% B# I z685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.公仔箱論壇# J0 M4 p7 B" `9 J) A
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to 9 y: j# R' s4 H4 o
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! ?" n& m: y7 Y6 o0 F% w
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
0 N% j3 E; ~+ i9 I7 Z$ JThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.; C7 L! N* |8 M3 ~
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& p0 J( S" V$ ]8 oTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
$ y/ [% F& R, wToquepala Copper Mine, Peru, { F$ ~) @! y: T% r: \! V! l
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. ) Q4 j1 U2 m, `) @
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was 5.39.217.76 s- `/ F; i' A8 W
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, % a- @: d9 g; b, r! {* H2 E
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
1 ^' h% Q: E. j7 B; B+ tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Station on Sept. 22, 2003.$ v- `- W" s( I7 C* B
, j# q/ w+ F3 y1 B2 I" s( Y1 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 ) u! _9 [' ^0 m0 D( ^
- H0 q1 S8 v, B, Y! ~! W* b5.39.217.76Freeport Mine, Indonesia
! j+ @% g6 { t; c; O0 D( y5.39.217.76The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
& X. d; `; Z( c7 X3 [& p7 L5.39.217.76Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ x- G) x0 T3 V1 Y+ ?
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is ) J& |- K; }8 [( C7 ?
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
7 ]8 c5 w: \% O* S+ o/ V4 nThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.) b1 X- { I6 s% Z+ c9 ?* x
# n. [9 r. d/ X s& ^8 O" h* C+ ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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( v; _0 y* Y8 z; S8 q5 Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCananea Mine, Mexico
6 X/ ]. M8 @+ `4 s4 P, O! Ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇; J! M' B% x9 \- O0 e
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 5.39.217.761 S6 c) W: N- o; S
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. ' y ?" D; r* V$ `; }. A
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 s" a* ~9 N5 M. p
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 z1 x* k! T$ l+ ]; i" I' \& g
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 8 ^" Q" t# F, n+ T3 }2 u
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
- w6 V2 _. R" o* kThis image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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6 U0 ?! f4 [0 a6 j公仔箱論壇Phosphate Mines, Jordan
4 V/ |9 d9 u9 z# V! uPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 $ A% i9 Y. x, O. c6 h1 S# f- P; X" o
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
) ^0 u* Y6 e( Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
2 x, C3 L5 q' y9 A# t; |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
6 `! _/ L3 M% h8 P( N! a7 aThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
7 |/ A. a9 ~- I! G+ B7 A5.39.217.76satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is : [8 |" o! I \: c" H/ A1 w! C
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 8 U& q' p& i/ G1 y
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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/ A& Q$ e& @3 b, [9 _New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
3 c3 K2 W6 D" T' ^Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
9 a4 w& O5 R V+ f* n" X" Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 5.39.217.76# P6 E# D' H0 c0 X
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
+ m) @# ~* O8 @9 X) Y" D/ f- ~tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe metal was extracted.
7 V: v$ }6 F& o9 ] i. wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇; Q6 Y' h9 |! V* q
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany' z) ?% ?# F1 c' f) F# P
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
2 m$ ?0 L# _; D" t6 s( {公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
& | f! s1 X: \! w+ dis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 ]# a0 \4 C* c9 L# S5 _
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 L& g0 S2 q8 `& h; A! d) f& P
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are 5.39.217.765 F+ ?1 M8 r1 K8 {4 A2 _
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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