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Huge Holes in the Earth: Open-Pit Mines Seen From Space

本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& T/ n7 e4 p; O
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and 公仔箱論壇: h& k8 h% z) f. @. i& `1 e
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
$ d: P% U. F/ V5 |  k3 E$ Y7 tWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
4 x3 y% |1 o& l9 ^astronauts and satellites on the following pages.公仔箱論壇+ \% e/ `, h# |9 s4 h8 S" Y' J) S% F
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
) d- h3 ~7 i# M# R& @公仔箱論壇This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇0 D; v" {. r8 T0 H- n( c6 Q
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. 7 Q) e2 G  k4 @, G& h3 m& g/ l
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
  j4 H, ?' ]( E- A" B; \5 @- v公仔箱論壇with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
, f3 e/ {& k5 T6 ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwater can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
2 v6 {* O) U  b! S9 Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCurrently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to ' H& g- t' m4 j# N6 H% j
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
/ K* G+ c  r3 q" {公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 ~  G; ?+ R, a# d) A7 e% V0 C
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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0 b4 Z3 r; u) X2 y! B5 ~Escondida Mine, Chile: _: c* S  t; r- v1 k$ G# |
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 7 l+ B" j: c5 X- k' `$ f
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 3 V  o! u0 ~* |- i
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
9 c8 o; `) H* n1 l+ [This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
/ w4 H% f# _/ x+ K+ Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah4 e+ v2 A' A$ Y) \9 p
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced ( j, Y+ [$ c  P) D+ E7 |  R& A
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 $ M* ^0 D: n8 a* [- d. `
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
; ^2 o( D# \) Y$ n$ R3 `the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 5.39.217.765 Z& R/ Q7 o2 a% J3 J$ w
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 `0 O+ V8 T& C$ Y7 ]/ @
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.! [- X* Z# U$ n
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
& q; ?$ ]. R  T/ N: c2 v# T/ PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。camera and an 800mm lens.
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' f$ T% A* L  J; k4 GYuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇- H  b% j) A, p' z% P. b7 b& s
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ V) U& I9 c$ f- l
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. L7 x2 ~5 W4 V
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
% L) S7 q& Z: @8 mTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
8 g( f9 c5 E+ Z+ n. z+ G, l公仔箱論壇mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  U: Z2 ~/ g; K0 P$ y$ P
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
7 \. K& Q: f( h& ~, S# ~! S公仔箱論壇685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
0 Z" p  w$ r# `& ?  \$ X% ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 `% u/ [0 H) x9 M. |" N5 |
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 公仔箱論壇% D$ X$ N" p& l* V% u/ q
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.6 {- J+ d" U& ^) ]8 m* z5 E3 Y  ^  K
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
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: S0 n2 e$ x- Z+ Y& Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: R' I8 s4 t, n2 U: e  }
Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
; k" t; y( ?* {公仔箱論壇Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
" i  M4 m5 X2 F1 O' W- j5.39.217.76The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" _$ h0 w* e/ N- W
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。2 x1 U- j( J/ h$ r: y2 W9 Z" ^9 }/ J7 j
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
! p3 E: _$ ]5 {& _$ N, q+ ]Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia
1 U9 u; X0 N9 H# w- l$ a# q) BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( L# L& a# l. Q" B; K' `5 {, C
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of 5.39.217.76) D. C9 z4 c. \) d7 G3 X
the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
% p# u0 |8 K9 n, n  M, D5.39.217.76extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.公仔箱論壇; ?, ?9 R% g+ N* w; S+ u* \
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, w* O) O) M/ A8 Y5 \8 D

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Cananea Mine, Mexico5.39.217.763 D/ R* ~: y( \: D- k
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇/ ^# j5 J0 ~* c( [4 ^0 T
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 3 v: I$ X( C! X( `% i! `5 Y- s
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
* X  G0 v/ n0 R+ e! ctvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering 公仔箱論壇6 j6 n5 d; a$ c
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.9 j8 }: y$ ~' N2 m8 y& ^
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the 公仔箱論壇  |# E4 w, o% [1 f
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇7 }. M. _( F: s) W# k
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& k2 W' B' P" ~+ a+ Y5 s- k; n
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; c" ~( I/ w" _6 ~& C% g5 d
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan
; ]  _0 W- a; L, gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 ) F# C# F/ T: B# m! U+ |! H
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
$ m6 U! c' a% o- e. F9 {' e  @公仔箱論壇fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the 公仔箱論壇+ _7 `. T$ q1 o5 l) }0 D& s, x
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.$ `0 M. ]& ?# `* G. c% J
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 5.39.217.76/ l6 t4 e4 d4 j8 W2 b) J
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is 公仔箱論壇1 j0 j" O4 q* o3 ]# g5 @, V$ E
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
5 w$ d) G6 s8 Ylower part of the image that appears striped.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. |  E* ]* @+ @" D8 S1 G
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
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above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
* e. H4 ~( i4 L5 X2 n/ Wland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. E' k5 j/ w% O7 D) M
the metal was extracted.
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany' P; o) L8 `! s7 K& d: g% L
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.   B; R+ I# O; S
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
; O) c+ n# g) D. [( I5 u) N公仔箱論壇is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
* R9 }  Q! Q- g) yTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# u3 H  C# E/ l  d% k) ?8 z
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
/ x/ a3 H9 S' `9 x+ rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.

1

評分次數

  • k23bb

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!
1

評分次數

  • k23bb

推呀推呀 呢個post 好正 睇到好多平時睇唔到既相!!!
, d# M+ L8 f2 o; G0 B% ^$ W- dPMF003 發表於 2009-12-22 11:26 AM
講得好呀 真係難得一見
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