本帖最後由 bchew 於 2009-12-22 09:32 AM 編輯 公仔箱論壇! B$ d0 _% P1 P& G
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! ]+ s' L \6 Y% J3 G: r
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( M, A, L f0 d8 e" \+ EPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
5 C1 S. J m [( X. y) Z1 T6 ]. k6 Bof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, j! r- N4 T7 |
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
( x! {8 x; l J2 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ |' Y; b1 a% e7 v; i
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montanatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 h3 K$ M; G3 q& d# I) F
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
) y! j m" W) d& Z; K- Y; C. TAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
3 P2 M, |% R* W5 k* ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled
% ~" p" Z% I3 w- Mwith metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The # k2 {) E1 t( R4 q7 a4 ~2 G9 b3 C
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: v+ Q( q9 c# B
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 ^, J* V6 ?) P/ ~$ r5 Z- }# A" e
contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
9 f0 ~5 [( Q4 ntvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.
# v9 I' ~4 Z2 n" _$ x' y: AThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇% }% L$ L O* `6 g
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ v' f/ C! n {7 Y" O* [# ?' u w
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Escondida Mine, Chile
1 Z$ I, }. P9 e0 R. V5.39.217.76The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ d3 S3 x% f" h4 D, e0 g
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) I( V* R y: R2 {0 M
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
8 g- f0 h& g5 n, ~, A qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ; D" u7 _% a9 q, R
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 {) _- r' `% V+ v- c/ w( Z
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X( n7 k% k* Z9 j2 k5 f3 }) }公仔箱論壇Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
: t/ u- N0 t8 g9 fLocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
" \5 ~, s3 q" I9 ~0 [, o# XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
# @* J8 U0 V) J/ x) o k) B5 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" ?& W4 Y! C3 f# H) `" J0 G9 P
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
3 P9 l2 k% L- d6 b: ^inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 " Y1 e! R/ ?8 t
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.6 e9 ^0 ?/ `1 `8 D* M
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 ?7 j+ B/ T+ ?9 g
camera and an 800mm lens.5.39.217.76# w& h/ a) Y/ M+ | ?- M
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+ X' V8 z: w* s4 x/ H* F" y! G7 B公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.
, K; M$ Y) X" z! Q/ U9 jThe Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 5.39.217.76% T* J7 v% P# E) g. U$ V2 B7 ^
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
9 W |! A2 K' d. |0 alandscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
3 d1 k' W1 U% L) e* n# t4 {5.39.217.76Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
) u4 |+ k6 O- e& m' T4 omining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
& h4 ?; B( |5 {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
0 v: q2 z& {( O8 C& w5.39.217.76685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.3 z5 R% M: _& G3 B; k; o
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 _' y8 [0 e+ H" B6 A; x
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the 5.39.217.763 x, ]; I! X6 l y9 n; ~
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.% t) }' y7 f% a' G
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.2 L4 Y0 V* Z' c% R, N
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Perutvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 w. I9 E# P! c9 E1 M, N
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
7 w7 B* i( `" a4 }% I, |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( M7 ]9 P% ^. y9 E- ]: b
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
6 ^& E) [: G: B$ g- w( b$ v, G( Oheading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 5 O, H+ D) ~5 V9 M* ^6 {& V3 `7 T
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
7 Z. U& _# s; }! _: X& KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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$ L7 C, ~1 {% K+ |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Freeport Mine, Indonesia
6 `4 Z# |6 m* R9 @" DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
$ k2 f+ w: |& h. D0 u% tMountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
/ ^' q8 o6 |% a) jTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
; a+ S/ ^+ M7 }4 A3 i8 F6 n公仔箱論壇extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- A; ^1 Q2 Y) {) a# N" L( Y" P5 i
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇9 U1 G" e0 |* V5 k$ X) A
8 K* l; \3 N) H; s6 k' \! DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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Cananea Mine, Mexico
2 M( }7 P) L( M$ Z) x6 `/ @; n IThe Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
, p; o. l6 r4 b1 R# |Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
% n T# |+ v; @3 J; V) l. ~2 jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock. ) w4 a2 R1 X2 ]6 b
The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
6 G/ M0 P9 \# D M# P9 U+ d! c( c5.39.217.76the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.+ x6 n# C' Y a+ g2 _
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
' E5 v' B0 u8 v% }TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.4 i. Z5 a( v. T# |: k
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
2 G- u1 c6 \& _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇$ V- M4 v; c1 m8 B, l
8 X) J2 V/ C0 z `8 h$ f& N5.39.217.76公仔箱論壇( z; C. n1 `2 q- D* d; G
Phosphate Mines, Jordan, p6 _( f' H9 |2 s. B7 f
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 公仔箱論壇: O4 w: c: m4 `# ^# V
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
) ?. P" X4 `7 Q: |7 x3 t% kfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
% h( E2 ~! f k9 mpoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
: S8 U0 {- \ e0 z1 Z# U: h* otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
$ B6 a, M$ i* @9 E% T" b. m公仔箱論壇satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
* ]* w6 ? m- w9 k5.39.217.76blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 0 p" V. z1 f v; q
lower part of the image that appears striped.5.39.217.769 W9 t8 t% g) X3 | c
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
4 E5 ^5 c, P N, U X公仔箱論壇Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
/ T7 [6 g% d0 B2 O# \) F8 R; xabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 4 m, I+ q: C2 {( S% W6 e* F
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
3 d9 _9 q4 W; w. V3 XTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。the metal was extracted./ d: t: `) m J) q# G! N( x
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# i+ t2 X2 ~: T/ f, G" v公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# H2 p, m7 w. e+ l4 i" q! ?
Hambach Coal Mines, Germany5.39.217.760 u) A1 x7 e( P. b& A7 B3 E, k% f9 g
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
" Q3 ]3 I2 U7 a( Q' T7 IOne of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator 6 K( S, f8 l7 w0 G# R2 ]; V
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.5.39.217.766 J) S# t) d/ _8 Q
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
. f& G6 Y: \# ~1 }- ^* j4 XAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 J' H1 }7 T- Q; z; Q
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.
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發表於 2009-12-22 09:24 AM
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