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Erupting Volcanoes on Earth as Seen From Space

One of the most violent but beautiful reminders that we live on ageologically restless planet are volcanic
2 e  P! @! w" u$ m% b5 ~7 E# w0 P6 @5.39.217.76eruptions. Around 550volcanoes have erupted at least once in historic times, and around 50or 60 are
) U9 G  X! W' j! Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbactive each year. On any given day, as many as 10 volcanoesmay be spewing ash or lava somewhere on Earth.5.39.217.76+ M2 D& c4 H. w+ L: _  g
Some volcanoes, such as Mount Etna in Italy, erupt almost constantlyfor years on end. Others, like Mount St. Helens,
; \. U. \. n4 l1 X4 H5 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。erupt rarely andsometimes extremely destructively. Like Etna and Mount St. Helens, manyof the most dangerous
# ^$ [" B7 H& G, ?0 L1 aand explosive erupters are stratovolcanoes, whichare made of layers of ash and lava from previous eruptions. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 J' T8 E  ^6 k! O( ~8 x
They tendto be steep-sided cone-shaped volcanoes and often rise strikingly abovethe surrounding landscape.& j  Z; c" w7 G& J( W1 I  C) A% K- s4 V

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Many of the stunning images of eruptions captured from space are ofviolent stratovolcanoes, such as the one above
# e& o5 l6 B; U; H$ {of Kliuchevskoi, themost active volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula. The image abovewas0 }. ?' `! O6 i) b1 B9 n9 ^* g
taken by astronauts on the space shuttle Endeavour in 1994, as an eruption was just getting underway. The ash
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Augustine Volcano is a 4,100-foot-tall, 7-mile-wide stratovolcano. This eruption was captured by NASA’s Terra 3 E8 {- |2 o% ]
satellite in 2006. Augustine’s dome collapsed in 1883, during its largest historical eruption. It has been erupting for at least 40,000
' m' T- X* E% t+ u* b& l% v' R% [2 J公仔箱論壇years. The island’s jagged edges were created by massive avalanches.
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/ a" M# T9 |. AAugustine lies in the Cook Inlet at the eastern end of the Aleutian trench which marks the northernmost portion of the Pacific Ring 公仔箱論壇9 r+ l1 T8 E( R5 i+ p5 U, G" I
of Fire. Volcanic activity here is caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate. As the wet
9 r0 C0 H6 Z6 l9 G公仔箱論壇ocean crust descends into the molten mantle below, superheated water is squeezed out and rises up to melt the bottom of
  I7 N3 A8 F% z. z" Uthe continental crust, creating magma that drives the volcanic eruptionsTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ @6 @5 A( H( J: S& u1 `+ T, v

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: j* C) R3 I6 P2 Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAstronauts aboard the International Space Station caught a lucky glimpse of the start of this eruption of Sarychev Volcano 5.39.217.761 e6 ?/ N0 X) J1 `7 h8 k
in the Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan, on June 12, 2009. This was the volcano’s first eruption in 30 years.0 V" T5 z0 ^7 |+ A) _1 j0 f

  n9 B) ~. I1 [3 O: Y3 i7 y$ y3 HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The smooth white cloud, known as a pileus cloud, topping the eruption column may be made of water condensation caused by rising
$ h7 ~) e' `2 }1 y8 u5 r5 iand cooling of the air above. In contrast, a dark gray cloud of ash near the ground is probably an avalanche of hot ash and rock known
/ K' j1 u4 U$ i6 C0 oas a pyroclastic flow.
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) e0 k5 W( {0 x6 O% Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photo sparked a debate among scientists about what caused the hole in the clouds above the eruption. Three possible options came up:5.39.217.76; G  R3 w4 b1 B8 v3 M

& D' I' J' W& F    * It could have nothing to do with the eruption and simply be caused by the contrast in temperatures between the ocean and the island.
% L. S4 g: w4 T    * A shockwave from the eruption could have blown a hole in the cloud deck.1 p+ ^3 s2 }, c# X* a  [
    * As the plume rose, air flowed downward along the sides and became warmer and evaporated the clouds.9 i. C; H9 H  b6 G7 v/ ^, {0 u

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Alaska’s Redoubt Volcano erupted five times in one night this year after almost three decades of relative quiet. : }- s: e; S8 q8 i$ p% U6 M  r
It continued erupting on and off for weeks afterward. This image was taken by the commercial satellite GeoEye-1 on March 30 when公仔箱論壇% P6 ]/ B+ F. [  L+ \; e8 V
the ash reached heights of 27,000 feet. The volcano’s alert level is still “advisory,” and the aviation color code is yellow.公仔箱論壇2 m; ]! Y/ e" u: v9 N

% I& B' }2 O( ]0 o  }" d) l3 bRedoubt is a 10,200-foot tall stratovolcano 100 miles southwest of Anchorage in the Aleutian Range, west of the Cook Inlet.5.39.217.768 r% T+ M( s4 x  p- @
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Mount Etna is the second tallest volcano in Europe, at almost 11,000 feet. It is one of the most active volcanoes in
4 ?$ n4 }) f5 z- x: U, Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb the world and is erupting nearly continuously. It is no surprise that there are many great photos of this volcano erupting, including this one $ k) @( Y! o, O* Q4 |# }
captured by astronauts on the International Space Station in 2002. The lighter colored plumes of smoke on the slope of the volcano in ' K7 W: E1 Q* y& ~
this picture are from forest fires ignited by lava.
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Etna is a stratovolcano located on the island of Sicily. It is one of the most studied volcanoes in the world and. at 500,000 years old, it mayTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 }! B7 |; R' N/ i' O7 C" s. ^! F1 \
also be the oldest-known active volcano.  d0 l) m5 j+ }( m! v- u5 y( K! p
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A NASA astronaut spotted this eruption of Cleveland Volcano from the International Space Station in 2006. The volcano is 5,700 feet high 5.39.217.76: ?" J9 P2 ?; r: n/ P
and claimed the only known eruption-related death in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands in 1944. Its symmetrical, cone shape is typical of stratovolcanoes.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 y7 A, P$ ?( S- P$ Z

7 Z1 m! @0 C" ]! `8 U: l: P3 X9 h3 Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& `' D) F5 Q: ~0 [

) y; @, _& W2 j7 ]TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Popoépetcatl, which means “smoking mountain” in the Aztec language, is a very active volcano just 44 miles outside Mexico City.
: T- @8 l2 a4 F# y: R; V, zTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The second highest peak in Mexico at 17,800 feet, this glacier-covered stratovolcano has erupted at least 20 times in the last 500 years and has caused ' J7 g  `6 }8 c& o" t
multiple evacuations of the city. This eruption in 2001 was caught by astronauts on the International Space Station, near the end of a seven-year period
5 Z5 G( P# E% Y8 i4 f! Mof frequent activity. The plume reached heights of around 30,000 feet.
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This eruption of Chaitén caldera in Chile was photographed from the International Space Station in May 2008. Volcanism along the
% s$ O  c! n- g( O: d公仔箱論壇west coast of South America is the result of subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American plate.5.39.217.763 S$ r4 U' o" ?5 v: U* I1 Z
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Chaitén was last active more than 9,000 years ago. The violent 2008 eruption inundated the small coastal town of Chaitén with ash, pyroclastic 公仔箱論壇' L8 Y1 p6 u1 T5 g: Z
flows and volcanic mudflows called lahars. The caldera is relatively small at less than two miles wide, and sits on the flank of the larger Michinmahuida volcano.
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This image of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands was taken by NASA’s Terra satellite in 2006. Sierra Negra - N2 S$ J3 S. L! v$ c4 a
is a shield volcano, which are made mostly of previous lava flows and tend to be broad and gently sloping. The Galapagos are part of an island chain 5.39.217.76/ ~; F1 e) v/ U9 l
formed by a hot spot where a plume of hot mantle rises up and melts the base of the ocean crust. As the Pacific plate moves over the relatively - ]8 c4 `7 X: L8 O8 o
stationary hot spot, volcanoes are formed. The Hawaiian Islands were formed — and continue forming — the same way.
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NASA’s Terra satellite snapped this image of Shiveluch volcano erupting on Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula at the edge of the Pacific Ring of Fire in 2004.
* W. Q, V8 E7 g6 F; k1 |3 \3 VA lava dome had been growing in the volcano’s crater, followed by intermittent eruptions that lasted weeks. Shiveluch is a 10,400-foot-high stratovolcano . v5 V- ~; D# Y) o5 a
that is at least 60,000 years old and has been erupting fairly often for the past 10 years. Its dome has collapsed multiple times, most recently in 1964,
# |; Y' U8 o4 `0 z2 R2 B- x  w+ k1 @5.39.217.76causing avalanches of debris into the crater.

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