界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 哺乳綱 Mammalia
目: 靈長目 Primates
科: 猴科 Cercopithecidae
屬: 獼猴屬 Macaca
種: 日本獼猴 M. fuscata
學名:Macaca fuscata
日本獼猴也叫雪猴.是生活在日本北部的一種獼猴.
它們是世界上生活地區最北的非人類靈長目動物.日本獼猴的毛色為灰褐色.臉部.四肢和下腹部為紅色.尾巴很短.
共有兩個亞種:
指名亞種 Macaca fuscata fuscata
屋久島亞種 Macaca fuscata yakui
日本獼猴的體長尾79-95釐米.尾長約10釐米.成年公猴的體重為10-14公斤.母猴約為5.5公斤.
日本獼猴在白天活動.大多數時間都在森林中.範圍包括落葉林.闊葉林和常綠林.
它們以種子.根莖.花蕾.水果.無脊椎動物.漿果.樹葉.鳥蛋.蘑菇和穀物為食.
日本獼猴可以在零下-15 °C (5° F)的嚴酷環境中生存.這在靈長目動物中是非常少見的.
日本獼猴一般組成一個規模為20-100頭的群體.分成幾個家庭.一般而言.母猴與公猴的比例約為3比1.母猴的地位有明顯等級制.公猴在種群中則比較游離.
在交配季節.母猴會與10頭左右的公猴進行交配的嘗試.
日本獼猴的孕期為173天.每胎只產一仔.幼仔出生時的重量約為500克.平均壽命為30年.
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