; ]& J: J0 A0 J( ]! Z5 u. j. ?$ _7 \$ q
南非前總統曼德拉昨晚在約翰內斯堡的寓所安祥去世,享年95歲。 ' O _4 A3 s P+ P' q8 W( G* Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb南非總統祖馬在電視講話中宣布這項消息 。公仔箱論壇7 q( {' k' ^4 j+ ~. e4 l) f% O! G
" \) I6 Y8 F* y& r( J A* H曼德拉為享譽全球的民權鬥士,曾被奉行種族隔離政策的南非白人政府囚禁27年;他於1993年獲頒諾貝爾和平奬,94年獲票選成為南非首位黑人總統。曼德拉是20世紀最偉大的政治家之一,畢生致力終結南非的種族隔離,為南非建立一個真正平等的多元種族民主政體。 6 Y7 z' h0 x& z& X4 X1 H 1 @+ z5 `( A2 O% R" s7 B* E5 \; r曼德拉1918年7月18號生於特蘭斯凱的Thembu族酋長家庭,被指定為酋長繼承人,但他放棄「皇位」,並為逃離盲婚啞嫁出走,到約翰內斯堡的大學攻讀法律,並偕同友人Oliver Tambo設立了南非首家黑人律師行。1944年,36歲的曼德拉加入反種族隔離組織非洲民族議會(African National Congress, ANC)。5.39.217.761 b7 ^2 k( ~+ Y9 h/ e0 u
5.39.217.767 I8 Q5 K% |& x4 Z% J; N 反種族隔離 煽動罪下獄 : @; P/ z+ g5 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 6 t+ N; ~& z) r: M5.39.217.76南非數百年來均由來自荷蘭、英國等地的白人殖民者掌權,剝奪黑人權利,以保持白人經濟優勢及領導的種族隔離政策,早於殖民時代已有;20世紀初南非獨立後,只佔18%人口的白人仍掌控南非政治和所有經濟環節,「種族隔離」更於1948年正式成為國策。 _5 N! v( T, h; I. V6 D / E: t E- N. A: p/ i* y; t曼德拉領導ANC,以非暴力形式反對種族隔離,但政府屢對示威群眾暴力鎮壓。1960年,南非當局將ANC等解放組織列為非法組織,曼德拉於是領導ANC的武裝分翼,轉入地下抗爭,逃亡兩年後最終被捕。1962年,43歲的曼德拉被控以「煽動罪」等罪,罪成判囚5年,1964年再被加控「陰謀顛覆罪」,改判無期徒刑。4 c, P# }% D0 a [9 Z1 a
' H% [6 |. U8 ] n& u# G$ w3 Q牢獄生涯的首18年,曼德拉被囚在惡名昭彰的羅本島(Robben Island),生活在極狹小的囚室內,每日被逼做苦役。非人待遇並未磨蝕曼德拉的意志:他在獄中完成回憶錄《走向自由的漫漫長路》(Long Walk to Freedom)的數百頁手稿。被囚後期,曼德拉患上肺結核;外界普遍認為這是曼德拉晚年肺部屢受感染的原因。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 t+ [5 n. h3 w- Q
" N3 B) `+ V! j; ]5.39.217.76被囚在監獄鐵窗之內的曼德拉,成為反種族隔離運動的象徵,得到全球關注;逼於各國的經濟制裁及政治壓力,南非政府於1990年2月釋放曼德拉。 ( u' h: p: f2 j% N# ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- X( f; ]1 L v$ e. z; i 復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕 + Y g, L; D9 g" {+ S, B: f* e) y; B4 r% x& j' Y: ?7 U: \! e) U( F
只佔南非人口不足兩成的白人,在南非實施種族隔離,剝奪有色人種的政治、經濟甚至是基本人權,不擇手段地打壓有色人種的生存空間;曼德拉獲釋,顯示白人政府的種族隔離政策已離結束不遠 ─ 有白人不捨得將享受多年的特權交出,又擔心會被清算,被佔南非人口八成的黑人清算往日惡行;部份黑人則主張向白人復仇,追究到底。 & M) h* e+ G3 P3 K2 F公仔箱論壇 , d6 X9 t. U% K* l/ t; R但曼德拉的立場由始至終沒有改變。他窮畢生之力爭取的,並非黑人或任何一個族群的利益,而是建立多元種族共融的南非,建立一個不論膚色人種,均可平等共處的自由社會。 ~) T" _' `4 v) S* a1 c8 q; H3 d ; H5 k4 E7 U1 \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。對於南非令人不敢回望的過去,曼德拉並沒有選擇逃避;在復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕。1990年2月11日下午4點,72歲的曼德拉步出 Victor Verster 監獄。曼德拉如此描述自己踏出囚牢的心情:tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ l0 i* `) R: q- i# [7 @
“As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison.”5.39.217.760 j. J' U a( p3 Q z! H
: v$ q2 c; ]! d4 V1 T. p圖:http://www.nelsonmandelas.com/ 4 u" b$ B' l9 n+ } D8 eTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 + F& J( ^4 T) B5.39.217.76曾被逼拿起武器對抗強權的曼德拉,經歷27年牢獄生涯之後,卻能夠放下所有怨對與仇恨,選擇以最溫和的手段改變南非;在這過程中,曼德拉始終堅持平等的價值,並相信寛恕的力量。公仔箱論壇7 d* ^5 X" R% S1 ^3 Q, @
( F. K, `2 _& X5 J. `7 w: k& q
It was during those long and lonely years that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity. 2 Z, p- Q" h. {5.39.217.76I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. 8 J B: i+ J2 B4 e+ pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。(Long Walk to Freedom)+ ^# o+ n8 s: u, x- \; I4 a9 m! [
Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for - the freedom of all of us. 5 Q% y* z* K& z+ u+ Q# atvb now,tvbnow,bttvbtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! G, L5 q- U, L8 ^$ v" M
This is a watershed moment for all of us. We must not let the men who worship war, and who lust after blood, precipitate actions that will plunge our country into another Angola. Chris Hani has made the supreme sacrifice. The greatest tribute we can pay to his life's work is to ensure we win that freedom for all our people.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ V9 C; Y8 p$ G5 K1 _* c
! g A6 ^: A: B/ W0 u! K& \5 Q9 L$ GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。「真相與和解委員會」聽取了逾2萬名證人的陳述,使種族隔離時代不少被隱藏於威權下的殘酷真相得以曝光,也使當年的受害者透過講出痛苦得以釋放、使施暴者從寛恕中得到救贖,讓整個南非社會,在真相的基礎上重建互信,為這個國家重建人性精神。9 d1 Z! s9 }! l: u
2 U. e3 @1 L! t* I& I
有不少人批評「真相與和解委會員」輕易放過當年的施暴者。在「真相與和解報告」公開之日,曼德拉有以下發言。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% A t: L' `$ k5 L
! P$ z/ M) b0 |公仔箱論壇
We should constantly keep our minds on the broad picture that has emerged. The wounds of the period of repression and resistance are too deep to have been healed by the TRC alone, however well it has encouraged us along that path. # b( R0 {- P) p- t+ K9 d0 X' G! a3 d; W8 {. C3 m4 v
It is for those who have suffered losses of different kinds and magnitudes to be afforded reparation, proceeding from the premise that freedom and dignity are the real prize that our sacrifices were meant to attain. Free at last, we are all masters of our destiny.公仔箱論壇 h6 k2 w- L5 v. K% y4 p
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- B/ B9 y% R# |) e+ B' d. j, v
5.39.217.76# N6 x7 A- V8 A2 y6 X" F. V
曼德拉90年出獄演說 Y6 g @" x6 ] k& I4 X# s1 I4 [. b! V : m) D0 N& ~& v6 L; O, |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1990年 2月 11日,曼德拉在獄中度過長達 27年後,終於獲釋,當晚他隨即往開普敦市政廳前大廣場演說。他鼓勵南非人要不分膚色種族,堅定信念,一起推動南非普選,撤底消滅種族隔離制度。5.39.217.76' @* b4 M6 l3 Q( K, }
9 G% I' a* a- vThe sight of freedom looming on the horizon should encourage us to redouble our efforts.! H& s" h \" z9 P1 l0 Z/ |) A
5.39.217.76* D8 G+ }" I3 |7 a1 O' |7 r
It is only through disciplined mass action that our victory can be assured. We call on our white compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new South Africa. The freedom movement is a political home for you too. We call on the international community to continue the campaign to isolate the apartheid regime. To lift sanctions now would be to run the risk of aborting the process towards the complete eradication of apartheid. ( V- t7 `- `- U6 K2 p0 P , p7 ^: Y% X @0 P! r5.39.217.76Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony. ; k$ w1 c6 k3 ?3 j) |$ i# ~5.39.217.76公仔箱論壇" X! Y% h5 F; B2 r- v0 K* D
In conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I wrote: 2 V. s5 n; G$ q' Q" A+ ~公仔箱論壇'I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.'! e8 Q$ }9 T W9 m; g& K# s
7 Z$ C4 T; a; I1 P' \' s* ^! Y; [5.39.217.76. y; V% g3 C; ^0 @: n
5 ^/ c! `/ d5 S. y" L公仔箱論壇南非總統祖馬(Jacob Zuma)於當地時間昨日,透過電視講話向國民宣佈曼德拉離世的消息,並宣佈為其舉行國葬,南非各地明日起為曼德拉降半旗,直至葬禮完畢。 - U* r( ]& z0 f; i. [! j! L* y; `/ `tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb祖馬形容,南非失去了其最偉大的兒子,南非人民亦失去了一位父親。 5 }! ~4 y* a* ]& N5 n 7 O, k. Y0 s8 R- G, m. e0 ^3 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。世界各國領袖亦對曼德拉離世,致以深切哀悼。 + U$ U8 r8 _* u! h0 l" j; O( ]* J e' A5 J& S. ` 聯合國秘書長潘基文 : X$ Q) F1 \- C$ k
Nelson Mandela was a giant for justice and a down-to-earth human inspiration. Many around the world were greatly influenced by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways. At the same time, no-one did more in our time to advance the values and aspirations of the United Nations. Nelson Mandela showed what is possible for our world and within each one of us - if we believe, dream and work together for justice and humanity.5.39.217.765 ] ^2 G3 Y8 Z: b8 V" p# d; t! R! I
We've lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with. He no longer belongs to us, he belongs to the ages... His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to. 2 y0 n G+ e* M9 x" m$ ~3 Y5.39.217.76
The world is a better place for Nelson Mandela. He showed in his own character, and inspired in others, many of God's attributes: goodness, compassion, a desire for justice, peace, forgiveness and reconciliation. He was not only an amazing gift to humankind, he made South Africans and Africans feel good about being who we are. He made us walk tall. God be praised. " k2 q% E: G" M3 }" O+ u/ d; u! y
A great light has gone out in the world. Nelson Mandela was a hero of our time. I've asked for the flag at No10 to be flown at half mast. 8 v8 \- a5 \, i4 Q: t5 C" h
Nelson Mandela made history. That of South Africa and the whole world. Nelson Mandela's message will not disappear. It will continue to inspire fighters for freedom, and to give confidence to peoples in the defence of just causes and universal rights.公仔箱論壇+ V. R7 D% P0 m/ {2 B4 _
South Africa has lost one of its founding fathers and one of its greatest sons. Nelson Mandela's courage, charm and commitment to reconciliation and to the Constitution were an inspiration not only for South Africans but for the whole world.# \0 {# L: p) N: o
I believe that his example will live on and that it will continue to inspire all South Africans to achieve his vision of non-racialism, justice, human dignity and equality for all. Tata, we shall miss you - but know that your spirit and example will always be there to guide us to the vision of a better and more just South Africa.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) c% J' S% y8 x
6 ^# ?" z; R( i$ d* H; Z5.39.217.76 $ k+ h) J% u. c% @區家麟: 風雨中抱緊自由5.39.217.768 G/ l' N W( Z0 c# K+ r
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 T5 e" r" B+ T& R% @* v4 d3 |9 i( _
$ t/ ?: n; O! ^3 J' G* u
5.39.217.76* b% O+ ?; M) T# |# [
g3 M+ |9 `- E! ]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb還記得,那年在南非,是曼德拉當上總統後的一兩年。 $ `4 [/ }1 ]/ `( o- R1 W5.39.217.76 7 P0 k; S7 ^8 |7 ~遇到的每位南非黑人,神采飛揚,眼神閃爍自信,充滿希望;但貧民窟繼續狂亂,城市森林不能久留,白人住別墅有泳池。 @% ~3 x; F* h0 y* v) {5.39.217.76) Z5 {& X* y$ y' k. g. g- Y7 Y
充滿疑惑,說不清,看不明。公仔箱論壇+ {( r; Y) H F% w/ b
; `7 x E/ d0 O1 C, DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。遊歷的甜美,在看不明白,激發好奇心,我拿起旅館裡破舊的南非歷史故事,在開普敦買了曼德拉自傳 Long Walk to Freedom,瞬間啃下了七百幾頁。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ V L2 i1 J7 g' d1 ?8 q0 v* y- @
最後一頁,結語。公仔箱論壇7 V. \3 w* ~+ b* Q5 w% d
, u h2 c# l1 k* |0 A( hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。面對新時代,權力在手,曼德拉謙遜,尋求大和解,而且做到了: 4 q, X4 P& J% E+ dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
「我走過了通往自由的長路。我嘗試不去猶豫;我曾踏錯腳步。但我發現了一個秘密:翻過了一座大山,只發現前路有更多的山。我稍作休息,偷看一眼當前的壯麗風景,回望來時路。但我只能歇息一會,享有自由,就要負起責任,我不敢久留,漫漫長路,還未到終點。」 & g1 \4 j; E3 itvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇0 S/ Z; \( b) S: v# n+ |5 O
(I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended.)
; |: }. L' O% s8 R/ y5.39.217.762004年,85歲的曼德拉宣佈退出公共生活,之後很少在公眾場合露面。2010年在南非舉辦的世界盃足球賽期間,曼德拉最後一次公開露面。; V. m3 m' w+ Y. w
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) Q8 ^9 \/ o! d5 O) {
曾與曼德拉併肩戰鬥反對種族隔離政策的南非大主教圖圖表示,曼德拉不僅是上天贈與人類的非凡禮物,而且令南非人和非洲人為自身感到驕傲。他使我們能夠昂首闊步。5.39.217.76+ l. L. W1 P- E6 h
7 H+ f; N' ~0 ~7 b) s. \2 E' D南非總統祖馬說,「曼德拉偉大之處就在於他人性的地方。在他的身上,我們發現了自己所尋找的東西」。 / n( ` s c# D0 T% [7 M5.39.217.76公仔箱論壇( n8 ]; r3 r$ J! Q. S
他說,「南非同胞們,曼德拉使我們團結在了一起,讓我們一起來為他送別吧」。5.39.217.76) V% t. X1 ?0 ?/ l1 Y' e
/ P7 a! [" G* P, D公仔箱論壇美國白宮星期六宣佈,總統奧巴馬伉儷將到南非出席星期二的悼念集會。前總統布什、克林頓與卡特也將會參與。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 s- E5 r$ ^" C9 _8 T: Q# q8 i( x5 M
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 P; v' n, K* j" E0 ^
自曼德拉於上星期四(5日)辭世以來,到其約翰內斯堡和索韋託故居集會弔唁的群眾絡繹不絕。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 V6 I. Z4 f/ V$ `
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb4 i1 W# l2 M- V ' w: q0 m8 d8 d: n0 a/ N5.39.217.76▲約翰內斯堡曼德拉故居是過去幾天的悼念中心之一。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& ^6 b v2 L* K l
2 |4 d, m* ?% L' m! B公仔箱論壇BBC記者羅賓斯在約翰內斯堡報導說,雖然如此,但比勒陀利亞政府和執政黨非洲人國民大會希望偏遠地區社群也能緊密參與這些悼念活動。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' b$ b% [" d; R4 t/ n3 ^6 t
; v& j# b( D; u( f. b. d在為期一週的官方悼念活動期間,南非所有政府大樓都將下半旗,全國各地均設立弔唁冊供民眾簽署。; y) l2 `& t( b# f% K
4 c. ^2 j* x- f南非政府的一份聲明談及了曼德拉總統生前對於他希望人們以後怎樣紀念他的想法。公仔箱論壇$ E$ C/ z L t0 S3 W k' Z
5.39.217.76: D( i; S' L$ u$ i
曼德拉說:「要是讓我來說希望人們怎樣紀念我,那未免太自負了。」5.39.217.76# ]) U' U% N) E9 t% b
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 w U$ ~. f% |$ l8 U
「我寧可把這個問題交給全體南非人民來決定。我只需要一塊簡單的墓碑,上面寫著:『曼德拉』。」 : \) I( [, A$ Z4 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇3 v( Q4 H$ J, z4 m1 b