白頭海雕 Halioctus leucpcenhalus
學名:Halioctus leucpcenhalus
別名:美洲雕、禿雕
目:隼形目 Falconiformes
科:鷹科 Accipitridae
屬:雕屬 Aquila
外形特徵:
一隻完全成熟的成體海雕體長可達0.92米.翼展為2.14--2.44米體重可達4.5--18公斤.
白頭海雕頭上的白色羽毛要到四歲以後才能長出來.成年鳥的眼.嘴和腳為淡黃色.頭.頸和尾部的羽毛為白色.身體其他部位的羽毛為暗褐色.十分雄壯美麗。
分佈範圍:
北美和西伯利亞東北部.
生活習性:
白頭海雕以魚類為主食.所以常棲息於河流.湖泊或海洋的沿岸.
野生白頭海雕的壽命最長可達三十年.但其平均壽命約為15到20年.白頭海雕實行終身配偶制.但是?如果夫妻中的一個先行死去的話.存活下來的一隻會毫不猶豫的接受另一個新的配偶.
白頭海雕為便於捕魚.築巢於河流.湖泊或海洋沿岸的大樹上.年復一年地使用和修建同一個巢.
雌性白頭海雕通常會一次產下兩枚卵.並孵化約35天.有時兩隻小雕都能夠存活.
但大多數情況下.較大的雛雕會將較弱的一隻殺掉.在良好的棲息環境中.一對白頭海雕一般每年可產生1.5只存活的小雕.小雕在三個月後就可以離開雕巢.並開始自己捕食.
現狀及至危因素:
白頭海雕位於一條很長的食物鏈的頂端.非常容易受到某些環境污染的危!
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