[國際] 曼德拉「彩虹」願景長留人間

"No power on earth can stop an oppressed people determined to win their freedom"5.39.217.760 R( N+ ]0 n  F* F) w
— 1961
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I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die5.39.217.76" z: U$ O9 |+ }( p* a- j
— 1964年曼德拉在法院自辯
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"To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. To impose on them a wretched life of hunger and deprivation is to dehumanize them. But such has been the terrible fate of all black persons in our country under the system of apartheid.": T  d. P7 H+ l& h! j  S, w9 R
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說
* l: w% K3 Z3 [/ @5 ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
& M8 n$ a3 f7 ]( C; O, U5 ^4 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。"Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony."4 I/ O+ ?1 w) k: N- |) V
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說
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6 p0 \3 ]5 k3 k1 w, i公仔箱論壇"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign."
/ j8 W( e& i# h( ?0 {5.39.217.76— 1994年就職總統演說
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"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended."' \* x  L8 l1 q" N0 j
— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》
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"A critical, independent and investigative press is the lifeblood of any democracy. The press must be free from state interference. It must have the economic strength to stand up to the blandishments of government officials. It must have sufficient independence from vested interests to be bold and inquiring without fear or favour. It must enjoy the protection of the constitution, so that it can protect our rights as citizens."
/ h% t7 f7 i3 |! W— 1994年出席國際新聞學會世界大會TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! h) b8 V9 H; f

When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw.
4 ]3 f- V( [: ?: _5.39.217.76— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》公仔箱論壇2 s( A9 c( z. ?$ B: L7 d8 |

"Real leaders must be ready to sacrifice all for the freedom of their people."
* t% v' b& h6 M) L4 _' aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 1998年出席黑人領袖盧圖利（Albert John Lutuli）百周年誕辰慶典
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"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities."7 ?: T! e, Z- B) _4 s* `' q
— 1964年tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 ]' B7 f/ b4 u2 d8 f0 v7 U0 d

) D3 b) L& u- U0 Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb“No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.”
- K0 }  |2 c  g% |6 i5.39.217.76— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》$ p$ i9 i9 k$ f* o( A+ d

"It is never my custom to use words lightly. If twenty-seven years in prison have done anything to us, it was to use the silence of solitude to make us understand how precious words are and how real speech is in its impact on the way people live and die."& h9 F: Q; b4 x) o8 \3 N$ w; X
— 2000年% j0 r8 h7 j% Y

"I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people"5.39.217.76* W1 r  v7 x1 I2 K. A2 w
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說
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"I was called a terrorist yesterday, but when I came out of jail, many people embraced me, including my enemies, and that is what I normally tell other people who say those who are struggling for liberation in their country are terrorists. I tell them that I was also a terrorist yesterday, but, today, I am admired by the very people who said I was one."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- C* m+ ]4 u) ^: ~2 B. h4 K
— 接受著名主持Larry King 專訪
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"What I am condemning is that one power, with a president who has no foresight, who cannot think properly, is now wanting to plunge the world into a holocaust"
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"AIDS is a major problem to be tackled by the entire world. To deal with it requires resources far beyond the capacity of one continent. No single country has the capacity to deal with it."5.39.217.76% `7 H6 ^8 z9 ?% X; p5 H! Z
— 曼德拉著名“Conversations with Myself5.39.217.764 U, W+ g* h$ U, D0 O

"Death is something inevitable. When a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace. I believe I have made that effort and that is, therefore, why I will sleep for the eternity."
6 P, ~3 U0 b* I+ @8 l# w— 1994年在紀錄片接受訪問
6 m4 ?: F9 E' R1 k& E7 ?; ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
9 n# R  F6 g2 ]  D. {- f0 k5.39.217.76"There will be life after Mandela. On my last day I want to know that those who remain behind will say: 'The man who lies here has done his duty for his country and his people.' "
+ g3 A3 l. r* A3 |$ o/ q公仔箱論壇— 1999# U1 d" `2 D, S( V1 u! \, \# O

“I like friends who have independent minds because they tend to make you see problems from all angles.”
6 D! i$ s8 D* Z' f" W* C— 1975TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 M: m. y3 ]6 O' i( H

（黃家強）憶述當年親兄因為留意到關於曼德拉的新聞報導，深受感動，覺得他在為人民爭取自由，而當年曼德拉剛出獄不久，家駒是以歌送予曼德拉一個祝福，希望他能夠成功。" z! O$ v8 Q( n$ ]
黃家強說《光輝歲月》歌詞中提到內容：「今天只有殘留的軀殼，迎接光輝歲月，風雨中抱緊自由」，就是指當年曼德拉出獄最然年紀已很大，但相信他堅持到底，可以戰勝一切。
" R) t5 O7 c$ vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。

在這個只有偶像、沒有英雄的年代，當今世上值得紀念的政治家，曼德拉是最後的偉岸身影之一。他不僅是南非的民族英雄，也是推倒種族主義籓籬的力士，他的不屈與寬容更曾深深感動整個世界。曼德拉以九十五高齡辭世，像一個巨人走過歷史舞台，留下了一幅高大而綿長的影像。 南非曾是台灣在非洲的重要友邦，雙方曾建立長達近半世紀的外交關係，有過同遭民主世界另眼看待而發展出的特殊情誼。那四十多年間，我們看著曼德拉從一位長年繫獄的反對黨領袖，變成了南非總統及非洲領袖，也成為世所景仰的和平主義及人道主義者。這一步步走來，曼德拉以強大的意志改變了冷酷的政治現實，用細緻的心思化解南非黑人與白人的百年糾結；他留下的典範，應讓台灣擾攘不休的政治人物汗顏。 談論曼德拉事蹟時，他的兩個精神層面必須合起來探討，才顯完整。一是他的不屈，一是他的包容；前者成就他的反種族隔離抗爭，後者則在他執政後癒合了民族隔離的創痕。兩者相加，共同成就他深邃的人道主義。 先談不屈。曼德拉天生具有一種無畏的氣質，作為異議分子及在野領袖，曼德拉的抗爭是堅決而毫無妥協的。面對白人統治者，他從未因黑色肌膚而自覺矮人一截，更未因掌權者鐵腕打壓而絲毫退卻。在嚴厲的種族隔離制度下，他奉行自己的平等主義原則；在繫獄的廿七年，他用毅力、寬恕和幽默面對日復一日的磨難，甚至在獄中獲得英國倫敦大學的函授法學學位。有人形容，曼德拉在精神上其實比那些把他打入大牢的人還要自由，因為對手活在褊狹的偏見之中。曼德拉出獄時已七十五歲，他背脊挺直，神色安詳，彷彿從未失去過自由。 再談包容。曼德拉帶領南非脫離了漫長的種族隔離桎梏，因此和釋放他出獄的南非白人總統戴克拉克共同獲得諾貝爾和平獎，並隨即當選南非總統。任內五年，他沒有墜入政治人物常犯的「清算」或「報復」窠臼，未曾試圖扳平自己受過的委屈，而選擇用包容來療癒南非的種族隔離創傷，號召團結來洗刷國家的蒙塵形象。儘管在獄中流失漫長的青春歲月，曼德拉仍一本初衷地堅持「黑白平等」的信念，要求黑人同胞給予少數白人公民同樣的平等待遇，正因為這種全民總統的心志與包容，引領南非平穩度過輪替轉型。 事實上，以台灣與南非的外交，長期與當時白人執政的「國民黨」更為親近。在曼德拉執政的五年，基於內部的經濟失調與社會壓力，南非輿論不斷要求他與台灣斷交，以尋求中國大陸的金援，注重情義的曼德拉均未曾妥協。直到他卸任，繼任者才宣布與我斷交。人權必爭，義理不廢，由此可見曼德拉作為一個國家領導人的氣度和格局。 作為反種族隔離的鬥士，曼德拉不屈不撓，在烈焰中克服了他的挑戰；在南非的社會彌合階段，他以國家元首的恢宏心胸與卓越技巧，幫人民療傷止痛，幫國家洗刷形象。他打動人心的，不只是剛強，而是無畏，更多的是包容；也因此，能穿越地理、國界和膚色之囿限，激勵了跨世代的世界公民。 曼德拉之所以偉大，因為他畢生志業都在為他人爭取「權利」，而不是在為自己爭取「權力」；在追求人類精神的解放，而不只是自己同族人的解放。以這樣的標準檢視台灣的政治人物，我們看不出有多少人能達到及格邊緣，也就不難想見台灣的族群傷痕何以遲遲未癒；原因是，太多政客刻意以挖社會瘡疤當成自己的養分來源，靠著煽動仇恨來澆灌自己的政治園地。 不可諱言，南非雖脫離了種族隔離的牢籠，但多數人民卻仍未能免於貧窮的桎梏；曼德拉的民族主義拯救了南非黑人，但也證明民族主義不是治療民族鄉愁的萬靈仙丹。這點，仍有待後繼者的探求與努力。 曼德拉生前說，他想刻在墓碑的字是：「躺在這裡的人，已經盡了他的職責」。人生而能如此俯仰無愧的，世間有幾人？曼德拉的偉大，誠足撼動我們所有人的良知。
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