Supervolcanoes with power to 'destroy civilisation' explode far more rapidly than scientists had believed - and one could be bubbling under U.S. right now
$ L. X: K$ d6 `* F- K7 X公仔箱論壇- Most deadly event that can hit Earth short of asteroid
- Scientists believed they took 100,000 years to build up
- Instead, figure could be just hundreds
- Supervolcano believed to be simmering under Yellowstone in U.S.
2 h9 L; S; z; S
A 'supervolcano' eruption is the most catastrophic natural disaster that can hit our planet, short of an asteroid impact - and now scientists believe they may build up a deadly head of steam far faster than we thought.
# |" i5 V- f$ \4 C* D
: d' y9 P4 \' s) G+ f5 z+ Xtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbInstead of the process taking hundreds of thousands of years, it could take just hundreds.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. X! g* Z6 ~8 y0 R- \9 V$ U
9 t p4 [. T8 A1 Q5.39.217.76The news could be bad for the US, where a supervolcano is said to be simmering beneath Yellowstone National Park. If it erupted, two thirds of the country could be rendered uninhabitable.% w7 v& o+ ]/ K8 j: Q# d, f9 k
5.39.217.767 e U5 E- ~: j1 {7 `9 c' |
 公仔箱論壇* ^7 J$ Z- ]& A, y- }: o
Eruption: Supervolcanoes with the power to destroy human civilisations may build up a deadly head of steam far faster than scientists believedTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ {; `0 a; e$ N/ p o4 v
Supervolcanoes are fuelled by giant pools of magma that form deep underground.
h* h9 M% S" X. p7 R \; s) x( ]# j
) ~: v9 C6 @: Stvb now,tvbnow,bttvbGeologists had thought it took between 100,000 to 200,000 years for a supervolcano magma pool to build up enough pressure to erupt.+ t3 [% {% G: |9 j2 I- f
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。# X* s& Y& H) `9 R2 b! O l
But the new study suggests that the giant magma bodies may only exist for a few thousand years, or even a few hundred, before exploding.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 g; i j( q' X
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb& K7 s+ \ p- |' {" D
A magma reservoir six miles below Yellowstone has been rising at a record rate since 2004.
% k. c9 ^0 z& U0 v7 e5.39.217.765.39.217.76! v" i' t" @; p5 V. Z2 q
The Wyoming park sits above a gigantic plume of hot and molten rock that begins at least 400 miles beneath Earth's surface and rises to 30 miles underground, where it widens to about 300 miles across.
8 C( P1 r7 D% [9 Atvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
, s/ a- z. v3 {4 E. U0 K8 TBlobs of magma occasionally break off from the top of the plume, and rise farther, resupplying the magma chamber beneath the Yellowstone Caldera.& h M% ^5 ~1 O9 \
S2 ?8 C& u' L P5 O* ?& K( F" |
4 m, N0 q) L1 s) m+ Y5 W pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Steaming Mud Volcano at Yellowstone National Park in winter. Researchers now believe that the supervolcano beneath the park could be more active than thought
, A8 z" l' e, L1 Y" w! h5.39.217.76, k- b& ?" d; A. m# l
7 m, ]/ g! U& I8 Y公仔箱論壇The news could be bad for the US, where a supervolcano is said to be simmering beneath Yellowstone National Park. If it erupted, two thirds of the country could be rendered uninhabitable
! p+ `% Y2 z3 wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇/ Y" t. l$ m+ Z3 a! K
* R# \; V# u0 p2 @+ p: nCastle Geyser and sunrise Yellowstone National Park Wyoming: Researchers now believe that the huge 'supervolcano' beneath the park is far more active than previously thought
5 p* n, c1 K0 {2 ?# n. t+ ] @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
4 M7 C% P9 E# p$ FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Resembling the lid of a cooking pot, the caldera formed when the last super-eruption occurred 600,000 years ago.
J* Z2 C5 h. E: ~8 F* Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
+ n. }9 z5 ?$ r7 C3 Z6 l公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* m, _- [4 u7 R/ ~
The supervolcano has erupted a total of three times in the last 2.1 million years. Scientists believe it could be due to erupt again.$ b( g: T ]0 y! S$ m9 f8 Q7 _8 z
5.39.217.76* B2 I- i. m" E3 @! e
3 e1 l" l& P6 s公仔箱論壇A full scale eruption at Yellowstone would be 1,000 times more powerful than the volcanic blast that tore apart Mount St Helens in 1980.
" c& v1 |: [+ ZTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
5 u# \' e; z3 f6 O/ k8 M. p# ]
$ G) f0 y( s8 { \* m. JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。There is evidence that a similar super-eruption in Indonesia 74,000 years ago came close to wiping out the entire human species.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 I, _) i3 t8 l. g- H& `' v
Z3 V+ O q o; X, j
: a$ s% Y& X9 [5 W) GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The new study was based on analysis of a super-eruption that occurred in eastern California 760,000 years ago.
- E# ?1 J i- f% |: R+ G1 K. g0 W& j; t: j- u
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 { U! w$ ^' N- {
Several independent lines of evidence indicated that the magma pool erupted within a few thousand years, perhaps within a few hundred years, covering half the North American continent with smouldering ash.
0 z" ~% `5 z- [, hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇# U. `; ]/ B4 H, R
3 P) Q9 D' r( X) A1 fThe scientists based their estimate on quartz crystallisation rates. Previous studies have relied on the growth of zircon crystals, which is said to be a less accurate method.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; K7 N, W6 j/ U. t
6 j* j6 [7 l' R9 q2 H: f- K8 t' m公仔箱論壇5.39.217.76& U1 d# p# Z- V
The research is published in the online journal Public Library of Science ONE.
' ~6 K3 N9 O; v. X$ A8 ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
; ]& ?" Z) q8 @ htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
' t/ b B5 S# `: y3 S5.39.217.76Lead scientist Dr Guilherme Gualda, from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, said: ‘Our study suggests that when these exceptionally large magma pools form they are ephemeral and cannot exist very long without erupting.
- K# ~7 w# W" H+ |( J& y0 T! c
& G) Y. H) o, P- R: lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇" i* @6 n, j0 r, f% S. _
‘The fact that the process of magma body formation occurs in historical time, instead of geological time, completely changes the nature of the problem.’
9 \9 x. j6 i. \1 n7 f+ C! W& J3 O2 D4 D
- H( G* v; \6 B0 X7 Q; q5.39.217.76 ?) ]0 ?; E6 n* w1 Z
He said regions such as Yellowstone should be monitored regularly to provide advance warning of a catastrophic super-eruption. |
發表於 2012-6-1 01:50 AM
| 
發表於 2012-6-1 08:11 PM
| 
